User:Mmedich01/Fabiola Gianotti

= Fabiola Gianotti = From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Fabiola Gianotti ( Italian: [faˈbiːola dʒaˈnɔtti]; born October 29, 1960) is an Italian particle physicist, the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) Director-General, and the first woman to hold this position. Her mandate began on 1 January 2016 and runs for a period of five years. At its 195th Session, the CERN Council selected Fabiola Gianotti, as the Organization’s next Director-General, for her second term of office. The appointment will be formalised at the December Session of the Council, and Gianotti’s new five-year term of office will begin on 1 January 2021. This is the first time in CERN’s history that a Director-General has been appointed for a full second term.

Contents

 * 1Early life and education
 * 2Career and research
 * 2.1Higgs boson discovery
 * 2.2Publications
 * 2.3Work environment
 * 2.4Honours and awards
 * 2.5Comic Sans controversy
 * 3Personal life
 * 4References

Early life and education
Gianotti in 2011 From an early age, Gianotti was interested in nature and the world around her. Her father, an acclaimed geologist encouraged her early love of learning. “It is from him I have inculcated my passion and love for nature,” she said in an interview with the Humans of Science.

Her mother, who actively pursued the arts, instilled a strong work ethic in Giatonni. She taught Gianotti ballet and piano where she then took her talents to school where she earned a degree in classical piano.

Gianotti found her passion for scientific research after reading a biography on scientist, Marie Curie. Previously, she had studied the humanities, focusing on music and philosophy. Gianotti received a PhD in experimental particle physics from the University of Milan in 1989.

Career and research
Fabiola Gianotti at the Royal Society admissions day in London, July 2018

since August 2013 an honorary Professor at the University of Edinburgh. She is also a member of the Italian Academy of Sciences (Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei), foreign associate member of the US National Academy of Sciences and foreign associate of the French Academy of Science. She was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.

CERN Career
Since 1996, Gianotti has been with CERN, starting with a fellowship and then evolving to a research physicist. In 2009 she was promoted to project leader of the ATLAS Collaboration. She has also been apart of experiments; WA70, UA2, ALEPH, was involved in detector R&D and construction, and software development and data analysis at CERN. In 2016 she was then elected to be the first director-general of CERN. Gianotti has been reelected for a second term as director-general that will last from 2021-2025.

Academic-Professional Career
In 2013 Fabiola Gianotti was made an honorary professor at the University of Edinburgh and was rewarded honorary doctoral degrees from various institutions such as University of Uppsala, the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, McGill University (Montreal), the University of Oslo, and the University of Edinburgh. She is also is a member of Italian Academy of Science, the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, as well as the French Academy of Sciences.

She was/is a member of several international committees, such as the Scientific Council of the CNRS (France), the Physics Advisory Committee of the Fermilab Laboratory (USA), the Council of the European Physical Society, the Scientific Council of the DESY Laboratory (Germany), the Scientific Advisory Committee of NIKHEF (Netherlands). She is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the UN Secretary-General, Mr Ban Ki-moon.

Higgs boson discovery
In 2009, Gianotti was elected as the project leader and spokesperson of the ATLAS project at CERN. ATLAS involved a collaboration of around 3,000 physicists from 180 institutions in 38 countries. ATLAS was one of the two experiments involved in the observation of the Higgs boson. On 4 July 2012 Gianotti announced the discovery of the particle. Until then, the Higgs boson was a theoretical part of the standard model in particle physics theory to explain how some fundamental particles acquire mass. Gianotti's deep understanding of many ATLAS aspects and her leadership were recognised as major factors in the discovery.The Higgs Boson particle is also dubbed as the God particle

She appeared in the 2013 documentary film Particle Fever, about the work of the Large Hadron Collider.

Publications
Gianotti is the author or co-author of more than 500 publications in peer reviewed scientific journals. She has given more than 30 invited plenary talks at the major international conferences in the field.[citation needed]

Some of her most notable publications include the "Obsevation of a New Particle in the Searth for the Standard Model Higgs Boson with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC" where CERN presented the Higgs boson particle, the "Searches for supersymmetry at high-energy colliders: the past, the present and the present and the future" in the IOP Science, New Journal of Physics , the "Calorimetry for particle physics" in the APS Physics Journal, to name a few.

Work environment
Gianotti had to push past barriers to be successful in a male dominated field. In the European scientific community, for every one woman, there are two men. Only 20% of the team that worked on the ATLAS project were women. Gianotti was the first female director of CERN, and she led two of the largest CERN experiments in 2012. She insists that she has never faced discrimination because of her gender, “I cannot say myself that I ever felt discriminated against,” she said. “Perhaps I was but I didn’t realize it.” Even though she feels that she was never discriminated against because she was a female, she is helping break down barriers the male dominated field created for aspiring female scientists. She specifically wants to give women more support when having children. She feels that she was never given enough support, and for this reason, never had children, a decision she now regrets. Ultimately, Gianotti wants equal opportunities between men and women and recognizes that there is so much work to be done despite whether or not she has struggled. She has reinforced this belief by taking steps to diversify CERN by trying to increase the amount of women working for the company. Because of her position at CERN, she recognizes that she has inherently become a role model for women specifically in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics field, because the number of women within that sect of work is already slim.

Honours and awards
Gianotti was included among the “Top 100 most inspirational women” by The Guardian newspaper (UK, 2011), ranked 5th in Time magazine’s Personality of the Year (USA, 2012), as well as the runner-up for Person of the Year, included among the “Top 100 most influential women” by Forbes magazine (USA, 2013) and considered among the “Leading Global Thinkers of 2013” by Foreign Policy magazine (USA, 2013). She was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2018. In 2017, Forbes also listed her as number 81 for the Forbes Top 100 Women in 2017.

She has received honorary doctoral degrees from the University of Uppsala, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), McGill University (Montreal), Oslo University, University of Edinburgh, University of Naples Federico II, University of Chicago, University of Savoy, and the Weizmann Institute of Science.


 * Since 2013 she is honorary professor at the University of Edinburgh.
 * In December 2014 Gianotti was awarded the honour of “Cavaliere di Gran Croce dell’ordine al merito della Repubblica” by the Italian President Giorgio Napolitano.
 * In September 2013 Gianotti was awarded The Enrico Fermi Prize of the Italian Physical Society (2013).
 * In November 2013 Gianotti was awarded The Niels Bohr Institute Medal of Honour.
 * In December 2012 Gianotti was awarded the Fundamental Physics Prize of the Milner foundation: Special Breakthrough Prize.
 * In December 2012 Gianotti was awarded the Gold Medal (known as "Ambrogino d'oro", named after the patron saint of Milan, Saint Ambrose) by the Milan Municipality.
 * In 2018, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women.

Comic Sans controversy
When CERN announced the discovery of the Higgs Boson particle, much controversy sprang from Gianotti's use of Comic Sans in the slide presentation of the results. A physicist, Alby Reid, has even started an online petition calling Microsoft to change the name of the font to Comic Cerns. Vincent Connare, the font's creator has tweeted support for this petition. Gianotti had used Comic Sans in presenting information in the past, but the uproar was due largely to the importance of the material presented.

Personal life
Gianotti is a trained ballerina and plays the piano. She has never married; in a New York Times profile on Gianotti, Dutch physicist, and a colleague, Rende Steerenberg described her as someone who "has dedicated her life to physics...sure, she has made sacrifices." In a 2010 interview, Gianotti said that she saw no contradiction between science and faith and they belong to "two different spheres". In an interview by la Repubblica, she said that "Science and religion are separate disciplines, though not antithetical. You can be a physicist and have faith or not.