User:Mmoon13/sandbox

Ḥarām (Arabic: حَرَام‎ ḥarām) is an Arabic term that comes from the root ح-ر-م (harrama) meaning 'forbidden' or 'sacrosanct', in the sense certain things, actions, and people are 'forbidden' within sacred space[1]. In Islamic Jurisprudence it is used to refer to any act that is forbidden by God, and falls into one of the five al-Ahkam al-Khamsa categories, or Five Principle Acts that define the morality of human action[2] Acts that are haraam are typically prohibited in the religious texts of the Quran and Sunnah. The category of haraam is the highest status of prohibition; actions that are haraam result in punishment, and therefore sin if carried out by a Muslim[3]. Islam teaches that a haraam (sinful) act is recorded by an angel on your left shoulder.[4]

Overview

The five categories of الأحكام الجمسة (al-aḥkām al-khamsah), or the Five Principle Acts are [5][6]: The religious term haraam, based on the Qur'an, is applied to: Haram also applies to ill-gotten wealth obtained through sin. Examples include money earned through cheating, stealing, corruption, murder and Interest or any means that involves harm to another human being. It is prohibited in Islam for a Muslim to profit from such haraam actions. Any believer who benefits from or lives off wealth obtained through haram is a sinner. The two types of haraam are:
 * 1)  واجب / فرض (farḍ/wājib) - Obligatory
 * 2) مستحب (mustaḥabb) - Recommended
 * 3) مباح (mubāḥ) - Neutral
 * 4) مكره (makrūh) - Reprehensible
 * 5) Numbered list item
 * 6) حرام (ḥaraam) - Forbidden
 * Actions, such as premarital sex, murder, or getting a tattoo.
 * Policies, such as riba.
 * Objects, such as al-Masjid al-Haram and al-Masjid al-Nabawi in context as two haram (sacred) mosques.
 * Food and drinks, such as pork and alcohol.
 * Some ḥalāl objects, foods or actions that are normally halal but under some conditions become haram. For example halal food and drinks at noon-time during Ramadan, or a cow or another halal animal that is not slaughtered in the Islamic way and in the name of Allah (God).
 * Lizatihi: prohibited because of its essence and harm it causes to an individual (Financial/Jallad)
 * Adultery, murder, theft


 * Li ghairihi: prohibited because of external reasons that are not fundamentally harmful but are associated to something that is prohibited
 * Prayer in a house taken illegally
 * A deal or sale during Friday's prayer (WIKI Jumu'ah)

[edit]Culture

Linguistically, the root of the term haraam is used to form a wide range of other terms that have legal implications, such as hariim (a harem) and ihraam ( a state of purity). In addition, the same word (haraam) is used in the Quran to denote the sacred nature of the Ka'ba and the areas of Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem[7]. This definition of sacred, holy, and inviolable can also include spouses and university campuses (Baalbaki 465). As such, the legal use of the root ح-ر-م is based on an idea of boundaries between the profane and the sacred, as opposed to prohibitions, as is normally assumed. (CONFUSING) Colloquially, the word haraam takes on different meanings, and operates more closely as a dichotomy with Halal, which denotes the permissible. In Arabic-speaking countries, saying "haraam" can mean 'what a shame' or 'what a pity' (this meaning has been adopted by Modern Hebrew slang as well). The term can be used formally as method for chastising strangers who behave inappropriately, or between friends as a form of teasing. The word is also used to instruct children in how to behave by telling them that harming other children or animals is haraam, among other things. These cultural interpretations of what is haraam influence and are influenced by the legal definitions used at the local level. This means that popular conceptions of haraam are partly based on formal Islamic Jurisprudence and partly on regional culture, and the popular conceptions in turn change how the legal system defines and punishes haraam actions[8].

Importantly, from a non-Muslim perspective, the definition of haraam usually takes on a dietary focus centered on the context of food, but every aspect of life, including speech, behavior, dress, are also bound by the same regulations. This focus on haraam and food takes away from a comprehensive understanding of the term, which may lead to further misconceptions and stereotypes about Muslims. A reason for the lack of complete understanding of the term deals with the inaccuracy of translations.