User:Mobalatero/sandbox

Easter Island
• The article overall provides an unbiased and well balanced account of the history of the Eastern Islands. It cites numerous resources including books, journals, studies, and discussions to verify the information's credibility. More notably, the debate on when the first human settlements on the islands are shown to be still in further debate, "Rapa Nui is now considered to have been settled in the narrower range of 700 to 1100 AD. Ongoing archaeological studies suggest a still-later date"

• One section that's under-represented however is 'European Contact'. As discussed in class, European contact with the indigenous tribes brought on various foreign diseases and slave trade that further depleted the overall population of the Eastern Island. This section in the article however only lists the European discovers/travelers that visited the islands. I believe a more descriptive account of this section is vital in telling the history of the Eastern Islands, especially as it pertains to the civilizations' destruction.

• This talk section of this article is arguably even busier than the article itself. There are numerous discussions and arguments inside the talk page pertaining various issues. Issues like, source reliability and misinterpretation of information. Interestingly enough, I'm not the only one that has noticed the absence or lack of coverage int he European contact section. This topic is also brought up in the talk page.

• Another issue I've discovered on this article is whether this article should be referred to as 'Eastern Islands' or 'Rapa Nui' (what native residents today call the islands). It seems that Rapa Nui is a name that was adopted by the current residents of the islands. The term Eastern Islands can be viewed as a more historical name of the islands. If so, the information within this article may need to be differentiated and seperated (Eastern Islands vs. Rapa Nui). An article on Rapa Nui would further cover currents events and the current conditions of the region. An article on Eastern Islands would instead, as this article already does, cover the history of the civilization that once inhabited it.

Article Evaluation (Team Project
Corporate Environmental Responsibility

- Main Elements section of this article could use work. Currently only has three bullet points. "These cover the environmental implications of a company's operations"

Environmental, social and corporate governance
- Rated a C-class in Wikiprojejct-Environment

- Environmental Concerns section could be an area of improvement; currently this section goes into the following topics: Climate Change, Nuclear Energy, and Sustainability

- Our team will focus on the sections of Environmental and Social concerns

- I will contribute directly to the Human Rights sections, as shown below, this section is quite inadequate at covering the complex and robust information and recent developments of Human Rights as it pertains to Corporate Social Responsibility. I will seek to contribute and reference specific global policies, standards, and regulations that have been put in recent years Mobalatero (talk) 16:40, 6 March 2018 (UTC)

Human rights[edit]
"In 2006 the US Courts of Appeals ruled that there was a case to answer bringing the area of a company’s social responsibilities squarely into the financial arena. This area of concern is widening to include such considerations as the impact on local communities, the health and welfare of employees and a more thorough examination of a company’s supply chain." the article on social responsibility is B class and not recommended for editing. Karina Schafer (talk) 19:45, 26 February 2018 (UTC)

Effects of corporate environmental responsibility on financial performance: The moderating role of government regulation and organizational slack DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.129
APA Citation:

Li, D. )., Cao, C. )., Zhang, L. )., Chen, X. )., Ren, S. )., & Zhao, Y. ). (2017). Effects of corporate environmental responsibility on financial performance: The moderating role of government regulation and organizational slack. Journal Of Cleaner Production, 1661323-1334. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.129 The article is a research study that looks to identify the positive (or negative) effects of Corporate Environmental Responsibility on Corporate Financial Performance. The article also studies the effects of government environmental policies and regulations and its (non) effective enforcement of said polices and regulations on Corporate Environmental Responsibility, and its result on Corporate Financial Performance. The study surveys energy-intensive listed companies in China. China is of important environmental importance because of recent climate degradation. China's rapid economic growth has led China to be the largest emitter of CO2, SO2, and COD; the article mentions serious environmental problems such as severe air pollution, water shortage and contamination, soil erosion, etc. The authors argue that "due to China's important role in the developing world, studies based on a Chinese setting can provide theoretical and practical implications for formulating and implementing environmental policies in other emerging economies" (p 1324).

The article offers 4 hypothesis, however I only find 2 of the 4 relevant to our topic: (H1) Corporate environmental responsibility has a positive impact on financial performance in China (H2) Government regulation positively moderates the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility and financial performance

Their studies show that both hypothesis are supported. They find that CER does indeed have a positive effect on the financial performance of a firm in China. Furthermore, the "moderating effect of government regulation on the relationship between CER and CFP is significantly positive" (p 1331).

Human Rights Accountability of the Minerals Development Industry [link ]
APA Citation:

Dias Ayesha, a. (2005). Human Rights Accountability of the Minerals Development Industry. Greener Management International, (52), 31. The article delves into the degrading effects of extractive industries, specifically the mineral development industry, and discusses four approaches to better address these violations and establish Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The four approaches are: (1) Voluntary Initiatives based on Corporate Social Responsibility (2) International Law Regime (3) Human Rights-based Approach to development (4) Aggrieved party initiatives, or Victim-based initiatives.

As per voluntary initiatives, most corporations prefer this self-initiated, self-imposed, and self monitored approach. However a large flaw of this approach is that it lacks enforcement and does not hold corporations accountable. However, the paper argues that if Voluntary initiatives and standards are upheld to a credible degree, such standards and codes can be adopted to regulatory measures and norms. A notable voluntary based initiative is the Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI) which was launched by The Coalition for Environmentally Responsibly Economies (CERES) and was a direct response to the Exxon Valdez disaster. The GRI reports on environmental, social, and economic criteria that draws from other principles like Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and International Labour Organization (ILO) for key performance measures. Another notable voluntary initiative is the United Nation's Global Compact. It remains to be one of the largest and widely used international initiative by corporations, implementing core values in the areas of human rights, labour standards, the environment, and anti-corruption as governed by its ten principles. The compact consists of rigorous monitoring and reporting that calls on corporations to continually and consistently submit their progress, and are subject to removal from the Global Compact in failure to do so within two years.

As per International Law Regime, the UN Norms on the Responsibilities of TNCs and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights (2003) is a document that calls on international human rights principles and standards relating to labour, health, environmental, and more issues. Although the creation of this document was in consultation with unions, businesses, and non profits, it however lacks the necessary legality to hold corporations accountable and thereby be subject to ramifications. The UN Norms require that corporation's activities do not contribute to nor benefit from the violations of human rights.

As per HRBA, The UN development agencies adopted the human rights-based approach to development in 2003 which is an assessment on best practices which consists of 'applying core human rights principles of participation, non-discrimination and equality to vulnerable groups, indivisibility and interdependence of human rights and accountability'. It sets out what is to be done in development and how it is done. The paper adds that HRBA, most importantly, ensures transparency, accountability, and participation in the development process. It argues that if human rights standards and principles are applied at each stage of the development process, much of human rights abuses and violations may be prevented.

* As per our topic, I will not discuss approach 4 as I do not believe it is completely relevant to our specific subject

Challenges in implementing the corporate responsibility to respect human rights in the context of project-induced displacement and resettlement DOI:10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.12.001
APA Citation:

van der Ploeg, L., & Vanclay, F. (2018). Challenges in implementing the corporate responsibility to respect human rights in the context of project-induced displacement and resettlement. Resources Policy, 55210-222. doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.12.001 As more multinational companies support and adopt the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP), the author seeks to investigate the challenges and pitfalls of all-sized corporations and development operations in adopting such policies and standards. Specifically, the paper investigates two projects in Mozambique, East Africa. One is an open pit mine, and the other is the construction of a 900km railway line. Both studies included numerous field visits and in-depth interviews with various parties. The studies main findings are: (1) Human rights expertise remains at high-levels within companies with poor knowledge transfer (2) Poor process and procedures, especially a lack of access to information, lack of meaningful participation and poor interpersonal interactions between company and community members resulted in not fully achieving human rights respect efforts (3) Conditions of inequality among affected community members, as in the levels of compensation and assistance in their efforts varied among the communities. The study offers seven recommendations to address the listed issues above: (1) Change company structure and reporting lines to increase alignment and improve internal communication (2) Compliance with international standards for environmental and social performance (3) Role of human rights support should be established at the project site level to ensure continuous support to staff (4) Project resettlement and compensation plans and procedures must comply with human rights standards (5) Company has to establish effective supervision procedures and have the capacity to ensure the activities are in compliance with human rights principles and the environmental and social performance standards (6) Must be better consideration by companies working in challenging environments about how they will overcome contextual challenges that might make it difficult to respect human rights (7) Companies should ensure that they do a careful due diligence assessment of risk prior to acquisitions. It is also necessary that companies ensure that human rights issues are adequately considered

Mo, your sandbox page is fantastic--you have a good grasp of what a wikipedia page is supposed to start looking like, particularly with the information you are presenting about Easter Island and on Corporate Environmental Responsibility. This subject peaks my interests because the business sector nowadays should be, or already is, held accountable for their impact on the environment. I would suggest adding baisc edits to structure and format to make it even better than you already seem to have it (as a rough draft that is). Ljm186 (talk) 19:16, 27 February 2018 (UTC)

Team - if this sandbox will be used for developing the article and expand on sections that are in need of expansions, please do so ASAP. MB - great outline and start, have your teammates take ownership of different sections. well done commenting on other work. Karina Schafer (talk) 16:15, 29 March 2018 (UTC) = References =