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Simon Saunders (born London, 30 August 1954) is a British philosopher of physics. He is noted for his work on quantum mechanics (particularly the many-worlds interpretation), on identity and indiscernibility in physics, and on structural realism.

Saunders is currently Professor of Philosophy of Physics at the University of Oxford, and Fellow of Linacre College, having moved to Oxford in 1996. He has previously held permanent posts at Harvard University (1990-1996), and temporary or visiting positions at Wolfson College, Oxford (1985-89), the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1989-1990), Harvard (2001), Ecole Polytechnique (2004), University of British Columbia (2005), Perimeter Institute (2005), and IMERA (Institute Mediterranean de Recherche Avancees) (2010). He is married to Kalypso Nicolaïdis; they have two children.

Education
Saunders was an early graduate of the Physics and Philosophy undergraduate degree at the University of Oxford. He then studied the part III Mathematics Tripos at the University of Cambridge under Martin Rees, John Polkinghorne, and Peter Goddard, and wrote his PhD at King’s College, London under the supervision of Michael Redhead. The thesis title was ‘Mathematical and Philosophical Foundations of Quantum Field Theory’.

Contributions to philosophy
Saunders was an early champion of 'structural realism', the view that mature physical theories correctly describe the structure of reality. Structural realism is today widely regarded as the most plausible form of realism.

He was also amongst the first to draw attention to the consequences of decoherence for the many-worlds interpretation (MWI) of quantum mechanics; he defended a decoherence-based version of MWI in a series of articles throughout the 1990’s.

More recently, Saunders has worked extensively on the interpretation of probability in quantum mechanics. Along with David Deutsch and David Wallace, he has developed techniques for deriving the Born Rule, which relates quantum amplitudes to objective probabilities. He has applied these arguments to operational approaches to quantum mechanics as well as to MWI.

Saunders has also been a central figure in recent debates over identity and indiscernibility in physics. He was the first to apply the Hilbert-Bernays definition of identity in formal first-order languages to physical theories, both spacetime theories and quantum mechanics, going on to show that elementary fermions and composite bosons in quantum theory satisfied the principle of identity of indiscernibles, using the Hilbert-Bernays definition of identity.

In related work, he has argued that argued that classical particles could be treated as indistinguishable in exactly the same way that quantum particles (and that departures from classical statistics can be traced to discrete nature of the measure -- dimensionality -- of subspace of Hilbert space), and applied this to the Gibbs paradox.

Saunders has also developed a general framework for the treatment of symmetries whereby all symmetries, not only gauge symmetries, as applied to strictly closed systems, yield only redescriptions of the same physical state of affairs. In a slogan: 'only invariant properties and relations are physically real'.

In addition, Saunders has worked on quantum field theory, on the philosophy of time, and on the history of physics; he has written numerous encylopaedia articles and book reviews.

Books
•	Many Worlds?: Everett, quantum theory, and reality, S. Saunders, J. Barrett, A. Kent, and D. Wallace (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2010.

•	The Philosophy of Vacuum, S. Saunders and H. Brown (eds.),Clarendon Press, Oxford 1991.

Papers
•	2010 ‘Chance in the Everett Interpretation’, in Many Worlds?: Everett, quantum theory, and reality,, S. Saunders, J. Barrett, A. Kent, and D. Wallace (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press (2010).

•	2008b (with F. Muller), ‘Distinguishing Fermions’, British Journal of Philosophy of Science, 59, 499-548.

•	2008a (with D. Wallace) ‘Branching and Uncertainty’, British Journal of Philosophy of Science, 59, 293-305.

•	2007 ‘Mirroring as an A Priori Symmetry’, Philosophy of Science, 74, 452-480.

•	2006a ‘On the Explanation of Quantum Statistics’, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 37, 192-211. Available online at http://xxxx.arXiv.org/quant-ph/0511136.

•	2006b ‘Are Quantum Particles Objects?’, Analysis, 66, 52-63.

•	2005a ‘Complementarity and Scientific Rationality’, Foundations of Physics, 35, 347-72. Available online at http://xxxx.arXiv.org/quant-ph/0412195.

•	2005b ‘What is Probability?’, in Quo Vadis Quantum Mechanics, A. Elitzur, S. Dolev, and N. Kolenda, eds., Springer.

•	2004a ‘Derivation of the Born Rule from Operational Assumptions’, Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 460, 1-18.

•	2003a: ‘Physics and Leibniz’s Principles’, in Symmetries in Physics: Philosophical Reflections, K. Brading and E. Castellani, eds., Cambridge University Press.

•	2003c ‘Structural Realism, Again’, Synthese, 136, 127-33.

•	2003d ‘Indiscernibles, General Covariance, and Other Symmetries: the Case for Non-reductive Relationalism', in Revisiting the Foundations of Relativistic Physics: Festschrift in Honour of John Stachel, A. Ashtekar, D. Howard, J. Renn, S. Sarkar, and A. Shimony, (eds.), Kluwer.

•	 2002a ‘Is the Zero-Point Energy Real?’, in Ontological Aspects of Quantum Field Theory, M. Kuhlmann, H. Lyre, and A. Wayne, (eds)., Singapore: World Scientific.

•	 2002b, ‘Why Relativity Contradicts Presentism’, Time, Reality, and Experience, C. Callender, ed., Cambridge University Press, 2002. Reprinted in Time and Physics: Volume 4 of he Philosophy of Time, N. Oaklander, ed., Routledge: forthcoming.

•	 2001a ‘Space-Time and Probability', in Chance in Physics: Foundations and Perspectives, J. Bricmont, D. Dürr, M.C. Galavotti, G. Ghirardi, F. Petruccione, N. Zanghi  (eds.), Springer-Verlag.

•	2000 ‘Tense and Indeterminateness', Philosophy of Science (Proceedings), 67, S600-611.

•	1999 ‘The "Beables" of Relativistic Pilot-Wave Theory', in From Physics to Philosophy, J. Butterfield, and C. Pagonis, (eds.), Cambridge University Press.

•	1998a ‘Hertz's Principles', in Heinrich Hertz: Classical Physicist, Modern Philosopher, D. Baird et al, (eds.), Kluwer.

•	1998b’Time, Quantum Mechanics, and Probability', Synthese, 114, p.405-44.

•	1996a ‘Time, Quantum Mechanics,  and  Tense', Synthese, 107, 19-53.

•	1996b ‘Naturalizing Metaphysics', The Monist, 80, p.44-69.

•	1995a ‘Time, Quantum Mechanics, and Decoherence', Synthese, 102, 235-66, 1995.

•	1995b ‘Relativism', in Perspectives on Quantum Reality, R. Clifton, ed., Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1995, p.125-42.

•	1994a ‘A  Dissolution  of  the  Problem  of  Locality",  Philosophy  of  Science  (Proceedings), Vol.2, p.88-98.

•	1994b ‘Time and Quantum Mechanics', in Physics  and  the Now, M. Bitbol, ed., Editions Frontieres, Paris, p.21-70.

•	1994c 'What is the Problem of Measurement', Harvard Review of Philosophy, Spring 1994.

•	1994d ‘Decoherence and Evolutionary Adaptation', Physics Letters A 184, p.1-5.

•	1994e `Remarks on Decoherent Histories Theory and the Problem of Measurement', in Stochastic Evolution of Quantum States in Open Systems and in Measurement Processes, L. Di¢si, ed., p.94-105, World Scientific, Singapore.

•	1993a ‘Decoherence, Relative States, and Evolutionary Adaptation', Foundations of Physics, 23, 1553-1585.

•	1993b ‘To What Physics Corresponds', in Correspondence, Invariance, and Heuristics; Essays in  Honour of Heinz Post, S. French and H. Kaminga, (eds.), Kluwer, p.295-326.

•	1992 ‘Locality, Complex Numbers, and Relativistic Quantum Theory', Proceedings of the Philosophy of Science Association, Vol.1, 1992, p.365-380.

•	1991 ‘The Negative Energy Sea', in Philosophy of Vacuum, S. Saunders and H. Brown (eds.), Clarendon Press, 1991, p.65-110.

•	1991 ‘Reflections on Ether' (with H. Brown), in Philosophy of Vacuum, p.27-64.

•	1988 ‘The Algebraic Approach to Quantum Field Theory', in Philosophical Foundations of  Quantum  Field  Theory,  H. Brown and R. Harre (eds.), Clarendon Press.