User:Mohamadazani97/The process of establishing the Umayyad Kingdom

The Bani Ummaiyyah Kingdom is the first hereditary Islamic caliphate after the death of the Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.. The Bani Ummaiyyah Kingdom ruled from 661 AD until 750 AD. Ironically, the Bani Ummaiyyah had previously been a staunch enemy of Islam before they embraced Islam.

Political Crisis
In the year 35 Hijrah, the city of Medina which became the capital of Islam was hit by a great political crisis that sparked a rebellion against the government. As a result, Caliph Saidina Uthman bin Affan was killed by the rebels. To replace him, Muslims have appointed Saidina Ali bin Abi Talib to be the new caliph. The appointment was not approved by Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan who was then the Governor in Syria. In the incident, he accused Saidina Ali of being involved in a conspiracy to kill Caliph Uthman.

To strengthen his position, Muawiyah persuaded some of the Prophet's companions to side with him to oppose Saidina Ali. His efforts were said to be successful. Among those who gave him strong support was Amru ibnu Al-As, the governor of Egypt.

The emergence of the Khawarij
Regretting the situation that happened, a group of Muslims tried to blame the three figures (Muawiyah, Saidina Ali, Amru ibnu Al-As) and considered them to be the cause of the division of Islam. They established a secret alliance and named it as Khawarij.

Planning to Kill
Among the plans they arranged was to try to kill Saidina Ali, Muawiyah and Amru ibn Al-As. However, only Saidina Ali was killed, while Muwaiyah and Amru survived the attempt.

Establishment Process
To replace Saidina Ali who has passed away, his supporters have chosen Saidina Ali's son, Saidina Hassan as the new caliph. After a few months of ruling, Saidina Hassan could not bear to see the division of Muslims continue to happen in front of her eyes.

Therefore, in the year 41 Hijri corresponding to 661 AD, His Majesty decided to hand over the position of caliph he held to Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan. Starting from that date, an Islamic kingdom called the Umayyad Kingdom was established