User:Mohammedmugallid/sandbox

=Metal Separation Using Bacteria= The separation of elements using bacteria is a process where bacteria is used to separate metals, the elements are placed in a solution by varying the pH of a semi-continuous flow. Which is done by varying the pH of the wash fluid after biosorption, therefore the mixture of the element solution is then separated by desorbing them from the bacterial.

Copper
The copper components are first crushed to a fine dust, the dust is then dried in an oven. the dust is then mixed in a mixture that contains HNO3–HCl–HF–H2O2 (3:1:1:1, v/v). the solution is then filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane, after the solution is filtered the solution is diluted with deionized water. The final solution is then placed in a flask which contains the bacterial and is left for 5-8 days, then the mixtures is then filtered using a 0.45 μm membrane which collects the copper.

Gold
The bacteria colony was grown for 5 days at 28 °C, the colony is then divided into several petri dishes, gold is then supplied with a medium that contains AuCl3, Sigma-Aldrich 50, 150 or 300 mg L−1 at pH 4.0, the several dishes are then incubated for 11 days at 28 °C which now contains that medium. the components that have the gold in it is then cut into 1X1 cm pieces and washed with 1% NaClO. The bacteria is then dried using a vacuum, and added to the gold pieces where the gold becomes fixed on the outer cell wall of the membrane, and the mixture is then washed with a varying wash of different pH levels, the wash then releases the gold into the filter system.

Lanthanides
A strong culture of bacteria is grown which is a strain from a California saltwater slough, the bacteria is then placed on a filter, after the bacteria is set on the filter the lanthanides are poured over it, and since the lanthanides are positively charged they become fixed on the bacteria membrane which is negative charged. Then the bacteria is washed over a filter with different mixtures that contain different pH levels which releases the lanthanides into the beaker.

Environmental Advantages of Using Bacteria in the Separation of Elements
There are several advantages of using bacteria in the separation of metals. Environmental advantages, by using the bacteria process you are producing less Sulfur dioxide emissions compared to the traditional ways of extracting metals. Economical advantages, by using bacteria in the separation of metals the cost is reduce due to the fact that the process does not require the reduction of pyrite which is costly, also the separation process requires fewer number of people to preform the process which in return reduces the cost compared to normal methods of separation.