User:Mohit vikram


 * 1) =lion, tiger and
 * 1) =lion, tiger and
 * 1) =lion, tiger and


 * == project tiger, lion ==

=== # tiger  introduction ===  The tiger, India's national animal, is a symbol that is an intrinsic part of our culture. One of the earliest portrayals of the tiger in India is found in the Happen seals from the Indus valley culture, dating back to 2500 BC, which depict an intricate association between people and tigers. Human welfare and economic development in Asia depends on the same clean water, clean air, natural flood controls and other forest resources that tigers need. Tigers are an umbrella species, if we can maintain healthy tiger populations in India, we can ensure that there are healthy habitats and prey populations present to support them. India is one of the thirteen tiger range countries and has the largest number of source sites with wild tigers. The Indian government has always made Tiger protection a priority and Project Tiger, launched in the early seventies, has put the endangered tiger on a definite path to recovery. As far as the scale of implementation and the diverse habitats under its coverage are concerned, the project has no parallel in the contemporary world.

===== What is the current state of Project Tiger? ===== The Indian strategy of Project Tiger since 1972 to focus on tiger source areas in the form of 'core areas' thus stands vindicated. This vision and ongoing initiatives led India to have the maximum tiger source sites in the world today. Efforts are underway to mainstream the concerns of tiger in the landscape surrounding such source sites through restorative actions, while providing livelihood options to local people to reduce their dependency on forests. Objectives of CANT is to provide statutory authority to Project Tiger so that compliance of its directives becomes legal. In the face of pressing challenges of surging human population and pressure on forest land, the Project's biggest success has been to secure several source populations of tigers. In its new avatar as NTCA, the Project strives to streamline scientific modules of conservation and co-opt communities as responsible stakeholders. ''

==== TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA(State wise) ==== 1 Manas (Assam) 2 Kaziranga (Assam) 3 Nameri (Assam) 4 Nagarjunasagar (Andhra Pradesh) 5 Namdapha (Arunachal Pradesh) 6 Pakke (Arunachal Pradesh) 7 Valmiki (Bihar) 8 Indravati (Chhattisgarh) 9 Undanti-Sitandadi (Chhattisgarh) 10 Achanakmar (Chhattisgarh) 11 Palamau (Jharkhand) 12 Periyar (Kerala) 13 Parambikulam (Kerala) 14 Bandipur (Karnataka) 15 Bhadra (Karnataka) 16 Dandeli-Anshi (Karnataka) 17 Nagarhole (Karnataka) 18 Tadoba-Andhari (Maharashtra) 19 Pench (Maharashtra) 20 Melghat (Maharashtra) 21 Bandhavgarh (Madhya Pradesh) 22 Kanha (Madhya Pradesh) 23 Satpura (Madhya Pradesh) 24 Panna (Madhya Pradesh) 25 Sanjay-Dubri (Madhya Pradesh) 26 Pench (Madhya Pradesh) 27 Dampa (Mizoram) 28 Satkosia (Orissa) 29 Simlipal (Orissa) 30 Ranthambhore (Rajasthan) 31 Sariska (Rajasthan) 32 Kalakad-Mundanthurai (Tamil Nadu) 33 Mudumalai (Tamil Nadu) 34 Anamalai (Tamil Nadu) 35 Corbett (Uttarakhand) 36 Dudhwa (Uttar Pradesh) 37 Buxa (West Bengal) 38 Sunderbans (West Bengal) 39 Sanhedrin (Maharashtra)

WISP'S TIGER POACHING STATISTICS The WILDLIFE PROTECTION SOCIETY OF INDIA (WISP) found the following statistics about the poaching of tigers in in INDIA since 1994 -: 95 cases of tigers known to have been killed in 1994 121 tigers killed in 1995 52 tigers killed in 1996 88 tigers killed in 1997 39 tigers killed in 1998 81 tigers killed in 1999 52 tigers killed in 2000 72 tigers killed in 2001 46 tigers killed in 2002 38 tigers killed in 2003 38 tigers killed in 2004 46 tigers killed in 2005 37 tigers killed in 2006 27 tigers killed in 2007 29 tigers killed in 2008 32 tigers killed in 2009 30 tigers killed in 2010 13 tigers killed in 2011

'== lion introduction ==

== Project Gir Lion==

Project Gir Lion established in 1965  Nawab Sir Muhammad Raoul Kanji Ba bi declared Gir as a "protected" area in 1900..  Total area of 1,412 km 2 (545 sq mi) (about 258 km 2 (100 sq mi) for the fully protected area the national park .  1,153 km 2 (445 sq mi) for the Sanctuary), the park is located 43 km (27 mi) north- east loathsome, 65 km (40 mi) south-east of Jungian and 60 km (37 mi) south-west of Amelia.  Main objective of this project to organization of the Asiatic lions.

HISTORY 
The forest area of Gir were the hunting grounds of the Nawabs of Jungian.  Faced with a drastic drop in the lion population in Gir, Nawab Sir Muhammad Raoul Kanji Bambi declared Gir as a "protected" area in 1900.  His son, Nawab Muhammad Mahatma Khan III later assisted in the conservation of the lions whose population had plummeted to only 20 through slaughter for trophy hunting.

'== how they are protected =='' '''

WORK DONE 
The 1,600 km area is secured as national park for gir lions.  In 1963 with 285 lions the populations reached to 523 lions in 2015.  PROJECT GIR LION is one of most successful project.  Sasan gir park is the big hub of Asiatic lion in the Asia.

21. TECHNOLOGY USED •Mapping, data acquisition and GIS modeling •Field data collection and validation •Data Maintenance, dissemination and use. 22. CURRENT STATUS OF ASIAN LIONS . In 2015, the population has been 523 (27% up compared to previous census in 2010).  The population was 411 in 2010 and 359 in 2005. The population of lions in Junagadh District has been 268.  At present there are 109 males, 201 females and 213 young/cubs.  But still The Asiatic lion is a protected species in India and is considered "endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). . GRAPH DATA ORGANIZATION  PROJECT GIR LIONS administrated by the Gujarat State Wildlife Board (GSWF), and Government of India and other private NGO(Prakrit).  The overall administration of the project is monitored by national and state government steering committee.  A Field Director is appointed for the national park by government of India.  The Asiatic lion is a protected species in India and is considered "endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (INDUCT). . PENALTIES offence under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, attracts a maximum sentence of three years imprisonment or a fine which may extend to Rs. 25,000 or both. An offence involving a species listed in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II, or an offence committed within a sanctuary or natural park, attracts a mandatory prison term of three years, which may extend to seven years.  There is also a mandatory fine of at least Rs. 10,000. For a subsequent offence, the prison term remains the same, while the mandatory fine is at least Rs.25,000. . CONSEQUENCES  Lion show family behavior ,they have their own troop with dominating male with other female lions and young ones.  Therefore they have their own territory.  Almost 100 of lions lives outside of secured area of park.  Near the 6 km range area of park villages are there.  Normally the lions doesn’t attack humans but sometimes they come to hunt domestic animals. ~ Measures Taken & Govt & N Go's ~  Wildlife Conservation Trust are the first NGO to sign Mo with the Forest Department to barricade Open Wells. In association with other NGOs and Corporate, they have completed barricading 781 Wells.  Currently CWT are working with TATS Chemicals Ltd, ‘Lions of Gir Foundation – USA’ by US citizen Mr. Steve Mendel and Vanishing Herds Foundation for barricading more wells.  Along similar lines to the Sunder bans Tiger Project that FEDS supported through emergency funding in 2001, FEDS is now providing funds to help train and equip the forest guards as well as sponsoring research carried out by the Wildlife Trust of India.  Recent funding has helped enhance the capacity of the front line field staff by training them in wildlife crime prevention techniques to ensure that they are better prepared to tackle the crisis.

===== Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project ===== The Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project is an initiative of the Indian Government to provide safeguards to the Asiatic lion from extinction in the wild by means of reintroduction.

What is special about a lion?
African lions are the most social of all big cats and live together in groups or “prides.” A pride consists of about 15 lions. ... These majestic cats are threatened by habitat loss.

What is interesting about a lion?
African lions are the most social of all big cats and live together in groups or “prides.” A pride consists of about 15 lions. ... Male lions defend the pride's territory while females do most of the hunting. Despite this, the males eat first. ''

what is a lion's behavior?
Behavior. Females do 85 to 90 percent of the pride's hunting, while the males patrol the territory and protect the pride, for which they take the "lion's share" of the females' prey. When resting, lions seem to enjoy good fellowship with lots of touching

What is called the House of Lion?
Lions live in groups that are called prides. Ten to forty lions may live in a pride. Each pride has a home area that is called its territory. Lions do not allow other carnivores (meat-eating animals) to hunt in their territory. A territory can be as large as 260 square kilometres (100 square miles).

 'Bold text'