User:Mohitchawla13113/sandbox

Scientists have been interested in the reaction kinetics of solids since the early 20th century [1, 2]. In those days the basic experimental techniques known today as differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), and evolved gas analysis (EGA) were developed [1, 3-5]. Initially the kinetic studies were performed under isothermal conditions [1], while the results of non-isothermal methods were started to be used for kinetic evaluations only during the 1922s [5-11]. The first step towards nonisothermal kinetic analysis was taken by Flynn[12]. According to the isoconversional principle, the reaction rate at a constant extent of conversion is only a function of temperature.Kujirai and Akahira [29] were the first to propose an empirical isoconversional equation to evaluate the temperature sensitivity of materials decomposed under isothermal conditions. In non-isothermal kinetics, several isoconversional methods were suggested in the1960s [19-22]. To use these methods, a series of experiments has to be conducted at different heating rates. The isoconversional method suggested by Friedman [30] combines equations (1) & (2) into a linear equation. To avoid inaccuracies associated with analyt ical approximations of the temperature integral, Vyazovkin [27, 28] proposed a nonlinear isoconversional method. According to this method, for a set of n experiments carried out at different heating rates, the activation energy can be determined at any particular value of a by finding the value of Ea for which the function is a minimum.