User:Mollyanne99/sandbox

My job:

clean up beginning paragraph

From actual article Hedge


 * In applied linguistics and pragmatics (sub-fields of linguistics), hedges allow speakers and writers to signal caution, or probability, versus full certainty.Hedges might be used in writing, for example, to downplay a harsh critique or a generalization, or in speaking, for instance, to lessen the impact of an utterance due to politeness constraints between a speaker and addressee. Typically, hedges are adjectives or adverbs, but can also consist of clauses such as one use of tag questions. In some cases, a hedge could be regarded as a form of euphemism. Linguists consider hedges to be tools of epistemic modality; allowing speakers and writers to signal a level of caution in making an assertion. Hedges are also used to distinguish items into multiple categories, where items can be in a certain category to an extent.
 * My edits to the lead:
 * In applied linguistics and pragmatics (sub-fields of linguistics), hedges allow speakers and writers to signal caution, or probability, versus full certainty. Hedges can also allow speakers and writers to introduce or eliminate ambiguity in meaning and typicality as a category member . Hedging in category membership is used in reference to the prototype theory, to signify the extent to which items are typical or atypical members of different categories. Hedges may also be used in writing to downplay a harsh critique or a generalization, or in speaking, to lessen the impact of an utterance due to politeness constraints between a speaker and addressee. Typically, hedges are adjectives or adverbs, but can also consist of clauses such as one use of tag questions. In some cases, a hedge could be regarded as a form of euphemism. Linguists consider hedges to be tools of epistemic modality; allowing speakers and writers to signal a level of caution in making an assertion.

add explanation of Hedges as Category Membership using Taylor Reading as my source

Hedges and Category Membership
A very common use of hedges can be found in signaling typicality of category membership. Different hedges can signal prototypical membership in a category, meaning that member has most of the characteristics that are exemplary of the category. For example;


 * A robin is a bird, par excellence.
 * This signifies that a robin has all of the typical characteristics of a bird, i.e. feathers, small, lives in a nest, etc.
 * Loosely speaking, a bat is a bird.
 * This sentence displays that a bat could technically be called a bird, but the hedge loosely speaking signifies that a bat has fringe membership in the category "bird".

Changed format a little bit



Sola's sandbox

User:Sola28/sandbox


 * Bibliography


 * Elaborate on politeness
 * Fuzziness
 * Hedging strategies
 * Indetermination - serves to augment the uncertainty of a statement or response
 * Depersonalisation - circumvents the use of reference of a specific subject, creating fuzziness around the referent of the sentence
 * Subjectivisation - to use verbs regarding the action of thought to express subjectivity about a claim
 * Limitation - narrowing the category membership of a subject in order to add clarity
 * Make language less complex
 * Make hedges in category membership
 * Clean up intro
 * Incorrect use
 * Links
 *  http://cis01.central.ucv.ro/litere/activ_st/anale_engleza/Annals_vol2_2013_Limba.pdf 
 *  https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46893413.pdf 


 * Article below
 * http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+label+semantics+approach+to+linguistic+hedges&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Approximate+Reasoning&rft.au=Lewis%2C+Martha&rft.au=Lawry%2C+Jonathan&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=0888-613X&rft.eissn=1873-4731&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1147&rft.epage=1163&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijar.2014.01.006&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=53015134&paramdict=en-US
 * Taylor reading on hedges

Other languages (Romanian)

După câte am înţeles, sora dumneavoastră crede că omul nu poate iubi decât o singură dată în viaţă

As I understand it, your sister thinks that man can only love once in his life

Hedges in fuzzy language
Hedges are often used to either add or take away fuzziness or obscurity, oftentimes through the use of modal auxiliaries or approximates.

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