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Rise of An Lushan and Chinese-on-Khitan hostilities

In the 730s, regional commanders were given permission to take care of boundary wars and rebellions. This is thought by many scholars to be the full responsibility of the local generals.

In the third month of 736, Zhang Shougui, the general commander of Youzhou sent his protected, An Lushan (an officer of the Pinglu Army 平盧軍) to attack Khitan and Xi rebels. But An Lushan's attack was far too bold and cost him almost all of his troops.

He escape usual execution for such disobedience cases in part because of Zhang affection for him, and in part thanks to Emperor Xuanzong who -overviewing death penalty cases- believed that his audacious and mid-barbarian character should not be pay by death.[13]

Back to Youzhou, he soon became the Bingmashi (兵馬使) of Pinglu Army (741, seventh month), cultivating carefully relationships with other officials and generals to earn praises, and bribing Imperial messengers to advantageously include him in their reports. As the consequence of this systematic bride, he was promote commandant at Yingzhou (Ying prefecture) and Jiedushi (military governor) of the Pinglu army[14] in 742 to face and defeat northern threat (Khitans, Xi, Bohai, and Heishui Mohe).[13][15] and military governor of Fanyang Circuit (范陽, headquartered in modern Beijing) in 744, plundering Khitan and Xi villages to display his military abilities. This continuous harassment of Khitan is understand by some scholars as volunteer provocation to up the Khitan aggressiveness and threat, in the aim to get more troops from Chang'an for his future rebellion, and as the reason of the 745's Khitan-Xi rebellion.[15]

As commander of the northeastern frontier (744–755), An Lushan organised military operations against the Khitan-Xi nomads. His motivation was to curry favour with the Tang court, and probably also to obtain more troops for his subsequent campaigns to defeat what he saw as the enormous threat presented by the northeastern "babarians", amongst whom the Khitan were the most significant. He may also have been motivated by thoughts of preparing for his future rebellion (755–763).

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