User:Moonraker12/Sandbox l

= New subject =

= Two dots (diacritic) = Two dots (diacritic) article split on 22 October 2022 with:
 * this edit to Diaeresis (diacritic)
 * this edit to Umlaut (diacritic)

= Diaeresis (diacritic) = Posted to Diaeresis (diacritic) on 22 October 2022 with this edit

= Umlaut (diacritic) = Posted to Umlaut (diacritic) on 22 October 2022 with this edit

= High speed rail = GWR signalling (High Speed Railway)
 * High speed Rail: june 2022

Adrian Vaughan (1973; ed 1984) Great Western Signalling Oxford Publishers {{ISBN| 0 86093 3466

Lib:Picton 625 165 0942

p7 first mechanical signal of any kind 1839

first Stop/Go system 1840

p10 First to install electric telegraph 1838 ( tho removed 1842  ? too expensive)

see also: High Speed rail: Oct 2019

[[    add rail companies
 * Rail records dec 2020

[[DRG class 05  (done)

[[DR 18 201  in 1972  is → was (done) … >

B&M Antelope

1808  Catch Me Who Can    Trevithick’s Steam Circus, Bloomsbury

1804 Merthyr Tramroad  Pen-y-Darren (locomotive)    (done)

GWR /HSR

[[GWR#A high-speed railway
 * High Speed rail oct 2019

Brunel's railway was designed from the outset to have speed as it's prime consideration. His route/ the r he surveyed followed the valley of the Thames, and aimed to keep the /stay as flat as possible; between London and Didcot the ruling gradient is no more than 1:1320, and is referred to as Brunel's billiard table. This flat road was achieved by a generous use of engineering works, such as cuttings, bridges and viaducts. From Didcot to Swindon the gradient is still no more than 1:660, m which Brunel accomplished by avoiding the climb over the Marlborough Downs, despite a lack of large towns to be serviced by the railway. This wide detour became /and earned the GWR the nickname the Great Way Round. Another concession to high speed was the choice of a wider than usual gauge, Brunel's broad gauge of 7ft (increased later to 7ft 0 ¼ in, to overcome adhesion problems), allowing for a smoother ride and the buiding of more powerful locomotives. The choice of a longitudinal railbed, known as a baulk road, was again to ensure a smoother ride at speed. The expectation of high speed also made advanced signalling /better than usual  and the GWR led the way in developing advanced sig. And braking.

These innovations enabled the GWR to achieve and maintain average speeds that were  double those of its rivals; while the LNER was/ averaged 25mph on its main route, the GWR trains were averaging 50 mph. In the 1840's/1848 during the gauge trials, GWR's 'Great Britain' achieved an average speed of 70mph between London and Didcot, setting a land speed record that was not matched for … years.

The high speed nature of the GWR's main line has meant that, 150 years later, it was suitable for the introduction of British Rail's Intercity 125 (the High-Speed Train) with relatively little modification, and Brunel's design choices/solutions are familiar to the designers of high speed rail networks today.

[[HSR#

By the end of the century the limits of steam traction were being reached, and new forms of  traction, such as electric power, were being explored

The first railway to be designed/built with high speed as its main consideration was the/Britaimn's GWR. Designed by IK Brunel it featured  a dedicated route, surveyed and engineered to be as flat as possible, even at the expense of missing/ large towns/ large scale engineering works; a broader than usual gauge, and a non-standard railbed, to facilitate smooth running and more powerful, and advanced signalling and braking systems, all features familiar to designers of HSR today. Thes efeatures enabled the GWR to achive avearage speeds roughly twice those of its rivals, in the middle of the 19th century, and its main route was chosen/suitable for the introduction of BR's HST with little modification. A second essay into high speed rail was undertaken at the end of the 19th century by the engineers of the Great Central Railway, also planned with speed as its main consideration.
 * 1) Early attempts / exercises in HSRT

However lack of generating power nationally and the prohibitive cost of the necessary infrastrucure meant . Firefly class
 * 1) First experiments with electric traction==
 * Ixion (1841–1879)
 * Built by Fenton, Murray and Jackson, this was the locomotive that represented the broad gauge at the Gauge Commission trials of 1845, achieving a maximum of {{convert|61|mi/h|km/h}}. Ixion was a king in Greek mythology.

GWR Iron Duke class
 * Great Britain
 * 1847
 * 1880
 * Second production locomotive, one of the first batch built, 18'6" wheelbase.  Name of the country, Great Britain, and Brunel's SS Great Britain steamship of 1843.
 * Second production locomotive, one of the first batch built, 18'6" wheelbase.  Name of the country, Great Britain, and Brunel's SS Great Britain steamship of 1843.

[[Bristol and Exeter Railway 4-2-4T locomotives  #41

sources Patrick Whitehouse, David St John Thomas (eds) The Great Western Railway: 150 Glorious Years 1984 Book Club Assoc/David & Charles ISBN (none)

Frank Booker The Great Western Railway: A New History 1977 David & Charles ISBN 0 7153 7455 9 (B’head 385 942)

Geoffrey Williams Stars of Steam 2000 Atlantic Transport Pub ISBN 0 906899 84 2 (B’hd 385 3610922)

= Iron Duke = (from 3.18) Records

[[Land speed record #All Passenger, Conventional Wheeled, Steam ... … Iron Duke class speed record : search [Iron Duke class locomotive > Books Iron Duke class / Great Britain average 67 mph over 53 miles Paddington-Didcot sources [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=457nzbOmRrkC&pg=PA49-IA7&dq=Iron+Duke+class+locomotive&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-u724rdvZAhUMPsAKHWdHDiUQ6AEILTAC#v=onepage&q=Iron%20Duke%20class%20locomotive&f=false   Locomotive engined Thomas Tredgold p56
 * {{Hs|00131.6}}{{convert|131.6|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
 * 1854-06
 * UK
 * Bristol & Exeter Railway #41
 * Loc
 * Steam
 * Unmod.
 * Broad gauge{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}
 * Unmod.
 * Broad gauge{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}
 * {{Hs|00125.6}}{{convert|125.6|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}
 * 1850
 * UK
 * Great Britain
 * Loc
 * Steam
 * Unmod.
 * {{convert|80|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} claimed{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}
 * Unmod.
 * {{convert|80|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}} claimed{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}

in 1851 Iron Duke class  Lord of the Isles exhibited / shown at Great Exhibition “capable of speeds over 75mph” this group of engines “were setting phenomenal speed records for the time and making an impressive case for the advantages of the 7' broad gauge over the 4'8 ½ '' standard gauge”

In 1854 a 4-2-4 tank locomotive of the broad gauge Bristol &Exeter line reached a speed of 81mph” source [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ESnBiR7vLPQC&pg=PA72&dq=Iron+Duke+class+locomotive&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-u724rdvZAhUMPsAKHWdHDiUQ6AEIRDAG#v=onepage&q=Iron%20Duke%20class%20locomotive&f=false World Railways in the nineteenth century Jim Harter p72

>websites [http://www.broadgauge.org.uk/locos/loco_iron_duke.html   BGS Iron Duke and others of this class were the fastest in the world, regularly running at speeds of 50-60, and keeping schedules of over 40mph. In order to “educate the public” a speed& haulage trial was staged on 11 May 1848. Driver “Mad Sandy” Almond drove Great Britain from Paddington to Didcot at an average sped of 67mph, cruising at 75-77mph

[http://spellerweb.net/rhindex/UKRH/GreatWestern/Broadgauge/BGLocos/IronDuke.html John Speller Iron Duke class finest of their day, capable of speeds of 80mph

Youtube [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urAwB6i1qzU Didcot Rwy cen Firefly farewell replica of Firefly at Didcot, on broad gauge replica baulk timber road and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxozB3X6bYs The Broad Gauge 14.32 min documentary style

= Streamliners = (from 2.18) [[High speed train#First experiments The first railway built /where speed was the primary factor in its design was the/Brunel's GWR, which demonstrated a number of features familiar to high speed rail designers today.

Brunels chosen/ route was chosen specifically to aid /allow/facilitate fast travel/ high average speeds, being kept flat by the frequent use of viaducts and a roundabout route through the Vale of White Horse avoiding the gradients of the Marlborough downs; his choice of a broader than average gauge, and an/his unusual baulk road railbed were chosen to give a smoother ride at hfgh speed (though these were later abandoned), as were the generous curves and cambers.

The success of his design was demonstrated when, over 130 years later, British Rail was able to introduce its IC125 HST on the Western Region without the need for the complex tilting technology necessary on other lines.

In 1899 Sam Fays GCR was also designed with high speeds as a priority

... [[Royal Prussian Military Railway test track for high-speed experiments, used for 1904 electric railcar expt;

[[Streamliner

[[McKeen railcar, 1905, Pullman Railplane 1925 [[Bullet (interurban) 1931 (in service

[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0oSqCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA33&lpg=PA33&dq=Pullman-Ford+Railplane&source=bl&ots=-Pi9pD0NU4&sig=SRX5Fhni6tm8DRWc-VcOe_aHa9I&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiMyMmk1KbZAhWiIsAKHR1-DioQ6AEISDAL#v=onepage&q=Pullman-Ford%20Railplane&f=false Railplane Brian Solomon (2015) Streamliners: Locomotives and Trains in the Age of Speed and Style ISBN 9780760347478

[http://www.dieselpunks.org/profiles/blogs/sunday-streamline-12-pullman Pullman Railplane at dieselpunks; designed by [[William Bushnell Stout

[http://detroithistorical.pastperfectonline.com/archive/1C34A627-814D-4F50-B840-419445321148 transcript of 15 min film at Detroit Historical Society

Karl Zimmerman Burlington Zephyrs p23

[[Bennie Railplane 1929 (exp track at Milngavie

[[Scheinenzeppelin 1930 (exp

precursor was 1917 Soviet [[Aerowagon (crashed 1921

[[Aerotrain 1965-77 (used hovercraft principle to eliminate rail friction

[[Turbojet train .. various 1970's  [[SVL  (links to RuWP page; neds fixing