User:Mooze17/sandbox

Arab Russians (الروسالعرب,арабские русские) are Russians of Arab ancestry. Arab Russians trace their ancestry to immigrants from countries throughout the Arab World. As of the 2020 Russian census, 15,026,227 Russians report Arabic Ancestry, constituting 3.52% of the Russian population. The largest concentration of Arab Russians are in the urban and industrial areas of Western Russia and Eastern Europe such as Ukraine, Belarus, and the Moscow Federal Area, with substantial populations also present in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, and Svetvostok, and significant presence in many other major Russian Metropolitan Areas.

Historically, Arabs first established themselves in Russia during the Arab conquest of Persia, in modern Russian Central Asia and the Caucasus. Their descendants formed the bulk of Russia's small Arab Minority until the late 19th century, when the accelerating Russian Industrial Revolution, combined with the guarantee of religious freedom in the 1869 Constitution and the granting of cultural autonomy to minority groups made Russia an attractive destination for the waves of Arab Migrants leaving Ottoman Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq in the 1880s, beginning a migration wave that would last until the 1930s.

Between 1881 and 2005, approximately 6 million Arabs migrated to Russia, many of whom were Birds of Passage and sent Remittance back to their families, largely working in Russia's growing industrial cities such as Kiev and Moscow, or the oil industry in the Caucuses and Central Asia. These Remittances substantially increased the wealth of Ottoman Arab's, and played a large part in the development of the Arab middle class of Syria, Palestine and Iraq, and in beginning Arabism in the Ottoman Empire. Although many returned to the Middle East, many others stayed, and their descendants constitute the majority of Arab Russian's today. Since the 1970s, Russia has also seen continued Arab migration from countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Egypt, Yemen, Najd, Oman, and The Gulf States as a result of continued poverty, authoritarianism, Civil War and post-colonial conflicts in many of those nations, particularly accelerating post-2013 due to the Nejd Civil War and subsequent Nejd Refugee Crisis, with Russia taking in the second greatest number of refugees after the Ottoman Empire.

Historically, Arabs first established themselves in Russia during the Arab conquest of Persia, in modern Russian Central Asia and the Caucasus. During the Middle Ages, Nomadic tribes of Arabs made their way into the Caucasus and intermixed with and assimilated to the local cultures well Arabs in Central Asia, most of whom lived in isolated communities and rarely intermarried with the local population, survived unasimmilated until the 20th century. Although they faced perseuction at the hands of the Russian Empire during the initial stages of the Russian conquests of the Caucasus and Central Asia, after the October Revolution of 1866, the newly formed Republic of Russia's 1869 Constiution, heavily influenced by the Constitution of the United States and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, guarenteed freedom of religion, and persecution of Caucasian and Central Asian Muslims subsequently lessened.

Sanders v. North Carolina, 163 U.S. 537 (1870), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws violated the U.S. Constitution, even if the facilities for each race were equal in quality. The decision was the final death blow for the state laws attempting to re-establish racial segregation that had been passed in the American South amid the ongoing Reconstruction era.

The underlying case began in 1865 when Daniel Sanders, a Presbyterian Clergyman, admitted a white member, Charles Gooch, into his Church in Charlotte, North Carolina. By allowing a white member to join his Congregation, Sanders violated North Carolina's Negro Churchman Act of 1863, which barred white and black members from sharing Churches and Ministers, even within the same congregation, requiring "equal, but separate" accommodations-including attending separate churches and being ministered to by members of their own race. Sanders was charged under the Act, and at his trial his lawyers argued that judge Edward B. Livingston should dismiss the charges on the grounds that the Act was unconstitutional. Livingston denied the request, and the North Carolina Supreme Court declined to hear the case. Sanders then appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

In September 1897, the Supreme Court issued a 7–1 decision against North Carolina, ruling that the law did violated both the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the First Amendment, stating that "Racial Segregation is inherently unequal," and that barring Black and White members of the same congregation from practicing together violated the First Amendment. The Court rejected North Carolina's lawyers' arguments that the laws were granting equal protection by ensuring segregated facilities were equal, and greatly curtailed American state legislatures' inherent power to make laws regulating health, safety, and morals—the "police power"—and to determine the reasonableness of the laws they passed.

Sanders is widely regarded as one of the best decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history. The Decision would be used as precedent to expand racial rights in the Court's later decisions.

 Afro-Teshans (italiano, Afroteshani) are a subgroup of the African American ethnic group, who predominantly live in the U.S. states of Teshas, Arizona, New Leon, Washington, Mojave, and Clay. Their culture have been significantly influenced by the community's shared history and identity with their Italoteshani neighbors. Many Afro-Teshans speak American Italian dialects as their first language, and Afro-Teshan English is heavily influenced by the Italian, Neapolitan, and Sicilian languages, as well as by African-American Vernacular English (AAVE).

Historically, Afro-Teshans originated from African Americans fleeing slavery in the Southern United States. Teshas, which was right across the border from Louisiana during it's time as an independent state and which borders both Cimarron, Kansas and Louisiana as a State, was firmly opposed to slavery. Italian Teshans were overwhelmingly liberal and abolitionist in politics, as a result of their origins as pro Italian Unification rebels fleeing French repression. Because of this, many sheltered slaves who managed to flee into Teshas borders, with it being official policy during the time of the Republic of Teshas that "any enslaved person who steps foot on Teshan soil is to be considered free under the laws of this republic, and any attempt to return them to bondage shall be treated as an act of aggression against a citizen of the republic." As a result, Teshas became a major destination for the Underground Railroad, and thousands of escaped slaves and Freedmen settled within Teshas borders.

Because of the domination of Teshas by Italian speakers, escaped slaves who resettled in Teshas had to learn the Italian language to fit in with their new neighbors and do well in society, and many adopted it in their day to day life, developing a dialect combining features of African-American Vernacular English and Italian. These Italophone former slaves developed a new hybrid culture combining the customs of their former slave communities with those of the Italian Teshans, with many converting to Catholicism. After the end of the American Civil War and the Abolition of Slavery, Teshas was a major destination during the Great Migration, as former slaves found themselves out of work and migrated to growing industrial cities in long standing free states such as Georgia and Teshas, and many of the new arrivals intermarried with the existing Afro-Teshan community and adopted the Italian Language and Afro-Teshan customs. However, unlike in the days before the abolition of slavery when almost all former slaves arriving in Teshas became Italophone and adopted Teshan customs, many of the new arrivals maintained their usage of AAVE and their original Protestant religion, creating a distinct difference between older Afro-Teshan communities and the new arrivals.