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= Facial care = Facial care is widely used around the world. The purpose is to clean pores, moisturize skin, exfoliate, resolve acne and produce healthier skin. Products can come in many different forms such as gels, lotions masks or washes. Depending on the severity of the facial lesions/acne topical and/or oral treatment may be used. There can also be various benefits that can be seen from utilizing face care products.

Acne Treatment
Acne is "a common skin disease that involves the seborrheic area of the face and results from the obstruction of hair follicles followed by inflammation” (Ishoda). Washing your face too aggressively can lead to dryness or irritation of your face. By washing your face carefully can help reduce the risk of acne as well as help treat acne that is already present. Oral antimicrobials and retinoids can be prescribed if the acne is more severe (Ishoda). "The goal is to clean the skin inducing as little damage to the intercellular lipids as possible. Surfactants cannot differentiate between sebum and oil-soluble skin soils and the lipophilic substances composing the intercellular lipids." (Draelos)

In a study conducted by Kao Corporation the use of moisturizers as well as face cleansers have shown to be very effective. 78% of the subjects have shown a reduction of acne after 4 weeks by utilizing facial cleansers in combination with moisturizers. With that, 97% of the subjects concluded the experiment with reduced or no dry skin (Ishoda).

Benefits
A PCA SKIN study shows multiple benefits from having healthier skin such as Social Skills, academic success, dating success, occupational success, financial success, relational success, attractiveness, and athletic success (Dayan).

The mean of all categories significantly increased in the conclusion of the study.

Mean of social skills went from 5.06 to 6.99, academics from 5.39 to 6.28, dating from 5.04 to 6.14, occupational from 5.52 to 6.4, financial from 5.36 to 6.25, relational 5.22 to 6.32, attractiveness from 4.95 to 6.09, and athletics from 4.68 to 5.75. Statistics based off of the Skin Quality Assessment Scale and the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Assessment Scale (Dayan).

Topical treatment
“Most commonly clindamycin 1% or sodium sulfacetamide, also affect both P acnes and inflammation, although the exact mechanism is unknown” (Nguyen). These antibiotics can be found in either gels or lotions.

Benzoyl peroxide
Can be found in a gel, wash or cleanser. “Salicylic acid (2%-3%), a well-tolerated keratolytic agent, is often used with benzoyl peroxide, as well. Azelaic acid, sodium sulfacetamide, and dapsone are other topicals that have been found to be effective in treating acne” (Nguyen).

Oral antibiotics
Can be used if the topical treatments either are not working or are not producing the result that is desired. Oral treatments do not have to serve as just a replacement, they can also be used in addition to the topical treatments. "Like topicals, oral antibiotics have both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties” (Nguyen).

Sheet Mask
“The sheet mask is an old kind of mask and more commonly available than other types, due to the long period of availability in the market” (Nilforoushzadeh). A concern regarding sheet masks is the use of dyes, artificial fragrances, parabens and phthalate esters in the masks. "Sheet mask prevents quick evaporation of water phase and extends the time frame the ingredients require to penetrate deep into the skin" (Nilforoushzadeh). Commonly used ingredients are Vitamin C and Aloe Vera. "The different types of sheet masks can be categorized based on the variety of the fabric types. It seems coarse texture kind of masks is the least expensive and advanced, produced through biotechnology processes" (Nilforoushzadeh).

Rinse-off
“Rinseable masks are of several different types, such as moisturizing, cleansing, toning, exfoliating, waxy, and mud masks” (Nilforoushzadeh)  In some moisturizers that are used in rinse off masks do have some drawbacks though. Propylene glycol can n cause some allergic reactions, petroleum can cause dryness and paraben can cause skin rashes. "Waxy masks are usually used for dry skin to regulate the epidermal hydration level and restrict the transepidermal water loss. The water content balance between the stratum corneum and skin surface lipid is an important factor in skin appearance" (Nilforoushzadeh).

Peel-out
“These types of masks form a film on the skin which can be easily peeled out. Most of the peel‐off masks are based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), which cause occlusion and tensor effect” (Nilforoushzadeh). There are many different types of peel out masks but usually this type of mask will contain some type of drying agent. "Various materials such as herbal soap, moisturizer, plasticizer, fragrances, and preservative can be embedded in the mask. Various formulations are utilized for masks" (Nilforoushzadeh).

Hydrogel
“Hydrogels are 3D networks of polymers in which water can be absorbed several times the gel weight. Hydrogel masks are usually used for sensitive skins with cooling and soothing effects” (Nilforoushzadeh)