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GRP, MILF clash in drafts (4): Doability by Datu Manny Sarip Monday, 22 March 2010 4th of five parts

GENERAL SANTOS CITY (MindaNews/21 March) -- Addressing MILF panel chair Mohagher Iqbal, GRP panel chair Rafael Seguis said at their March 4 meeting, “The GRP Panel’s sincerity is never diminished by the limited time we are given. … We remain committed to understanding whatever you have to say, inasmuch as we hope the MILF Panel would be committed to understand our ideas as well.” (MindaNews, March 4, 2010)

What is Seguis saying? With mutual understanding, a GRP-MILF peace agreement is doable within the limited time until June 30, 2010. The first doability issue concerns forging and signing an agreement; the second concerns implementation. All agreements must be doable; otherwise, they lose sense. But they may differ in their degree of doability. This difference between the GRP Draft and the MILF Draft is unmistakable. Enhanced Autonomy in the GRP Draft, with its “doables”, appears to have higher degree of doability than Interim Government of Bangsamoro state in the MILF Draft. It appears to be. How is it really?

What are the “doables” in the GRP Draft that in their varying degrees of doability can enhance the autonomy of the ARMM? These come in two main categories, as capsulized in the Draft’s abstract: (1) eight measures that are immediately doable through executive orders; and (2) proposals that the Technical Working Group will draft for legislative actions of the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly and of Congress, including amendment of the Constitution.

Category 1

The following are “executive doables” through the issuance of executive orders:

· Optimize fiscal autonomy of the autonomy of the regional government of the ARMM and its local government units.

· Strengthen Islamic banking systems.

· Facilitate sending of economic, trade, labor and tourism missions composed of ARMM personnel to promote development and economic cooperation of selected ountries with the ARMM..

· Participation of the Autonomous Regional Government in ASEAN (Association of                Southeast Asian Nations), UN (United Nations) and other international forums that may involve issues concerning the autonomous region.

· Technical support to RLA in drafting agrarian reform laws and formulating agrarian programs suitable to special circumstances that concern the Bangsamoro people and their ancestral lands.

· Technical assistance to strengthen Shari’ah justice system.

· Strengthen or mainstream madaris education system to nurture spirituality and patriotism among the Muslim youth.

These are detailed in Article 1, Section 3 and are to be achieved through the Departments of: Budget and Management, Finance, Foreign Affairs, Agrarian Reform, Agriculture, Justice, Education and Commission on Higher Education. Article 4, Section 1 reiterates the listing stating: “Within 30 days from the signing of this Agreement, the President shall issue an Executive Order” to implement the measures.

A condition is tagged, [h]: “No project or program shall be implemented by the National Government without prior consultations with local stakeholders and the formal endorsement of the Regional Government and the local government units concerned.”

Still under Category 1 (“executive doables”), is equitable access to the natural resources. In Article 3, Section 3, the Executive Branch, to “facilitate the exercise of preferential rights of the Bangsamoro people over their natural resources in the ancestral domains” and to enable “the Regional Government to exercise its primary responsibility”, will “commit to the following actions” through the DENR ([a] and [b]) and the DILG and DA ([c]):

“[a] Allocate additional funds in the annual budget, generated from the use of         natural resources in ARMM, for the protection and conservation of natural resources in the autonomous region;

“[b] Institute reforms in administrative procedures to streamline processing and issuance of permits and other instruments for utilization of forest, mineral and other natural resources, across ARMM and contiguous administrative regions, subject to cooperation between the regional and national governments in         monitoring compliance with environmental regulations;

“[c] provide incentives to coastal municipalities and cities to enact local ordinances that promote and protect the preferential rights of local marginalized fisherfolks over the utilization of fisheries resources within municipal waters.”

In [d] is the fiat: “No project or activity in the autonomous region involving exploitation, development or utilization of natural resources shall be         allowed without the prior endorsement of the Regional Government.”

Category 2

Proposals for the passage of regional law on ancestral domains.

This is particularly provided in Article 2, Section 4 – the GRP providing technical assistance to the RLA through the Regional Government. Besides the “delineation of ancestral domains within the autonomous region”, the regional law will also contain rights of the Bangsamoro people in relation to their ancestral lands. These are rights [a] to claim ownership, [b] to transfer land/property, [c] of redemption, [d] to stay in and return to the ancestral domain, and [e] in case of displacement.

Also provided, “[f] Private property rights within the ancestral domains held by non-Bangsamoros, already existing and/or vested at the time the Agreement takes effect, shall be recognized and respected.”

When “the Organic Act and the Regional Law may not be fully responsive to the unique claim of the Bangsamoro people”, the GRP and the MILF, “through the TWG [Technical Working Group], “shall draft proposals for Congress” to be passed into laws “to address their claim over their collective ancestral domains.”

Sections 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 of Article 2 are about definitive provisions of rights and policies.

·  Legislative proposals to enhance the ARMM.

In Article 3, Section 4, the GRP and the MILF, assisted by the Technical Working Group, “shall draft proposals and other policy changes to further enhance the powers and responsibilities of the Bangsamoro people and the autonomous regional government,” including:

“[a] Sharing of government revenues from the development, utilization, and exploitation of natural resources at a ratio more favorable to the autonomous regional government;

“[b] Automatic retention of the autonomous regional government’s share of the revenues and the creation of a revolving fund in order to achieve full fiscal autonomy over the use of the revenues from natural resources.”

In Section 2 of Article 4, “The Parties shall form a joint TWG … to study and prepare proposals for legislative action, by the ARMM Regional Legislative Assembly and Congress to achieve the fundamental objectives of this Agreement. This includes proposing to Congress a bill amending the Organic Act, and providing the necessary additional powers to the autonomous regional government …” (Emphasis suppied}

In Section 3 of Article 4, “… Within 30 days from the submission of the TWG of the proposals [to the GRP and the MILF] for legislative action on ancestral domain and ancestral lands, the President shall endorse the same to Regional Legislative Assembly for consideration.” (Emphasis supplied)

Urgent legislative proposals will also be certified to Congress. In particular, “the President shall endorse, and certify as urgent, relevant bill on the enhancement of the powers of the autonomous regional government”* – also within 30 days of the submission by TWG to the GRP and the MILF of the proposal.

Organic Act” in Section 2 above.]
 * [AUTHOR’S NOTE: This “enhancement bill” must be the same as the “bill amending the

With the passage of the “enhancement” bill and its approval in a plebiscite, “The autonomous regional government shall be the government agency granted with special powers for the administration [and or] governance of the autonomous region.”

· Propose legislative measures to meet MILF demands requiring legislative action.

There is no specific of mention of “MILF demands” in the GRP Draft. However, Section 4 of Article 4 alludes to these:“[4] The Parties shall conduct consultations with stakeholders to ensure that the proposals for legislative actions fully address the inspirations of the Bangsamoro people, while especially safeguarding the rights of vulnerable sectors, such as indigenous peoples, subsistence farmers and fisherfolks, women and children.” (Emphasis supplied)

· Proposals to Congress to initiate the process of amending the Constitution to        effect changes that Parties may agree on.

There are no proposals specifically mentioned in the GRP Draft. This is a blanket policy statement, as Section 5 of Article 4 states:

“[5] The Parties, through the TWG and a consultative process, shall also draft proposals for other policy changes, including proposed constitutional amendments, where appropriate and necessary that will further enable full and effective autonomy for the Autonomous Region. These proposals shall likewise be submitted to Congress for appropriate action.” (Emphasis supplied)

Other Commitments

Related to the “doables” of Categories 1 and 2, Article 5 provides in its Section 1 that the Parties:

[a] Stimulate the “local autonomy by a range of mechanism” to particularly “address unemployment and the improvement of living conditions for the population in the Autonomous Region” – a necessity;

[b] Intensify “measures needed to uproot the cause of poverty in the Autonomous Region through responsible harnessing and development of its natural resources”;

[c] Undertake a review of “public services, industrial or trade-related and Autonomous Region”.

These are efforts to improve socioeconomic conditions in the ARMM, an indirect way of enhancing the autonomy through the enhancement of its human resources.

Section 2 of Article 5 pertains to activities the Parties will undertake to “enhance the capacity of the regional government institutions during the transition” period. These will include “technical assistance, information-sharing and human resource development”. (Emphasis supplied)

Sections 3 and 4 of Article 5 [For complete text: Refer to Part II, Summary of Article 5 of the GRP Draft] are the only parts of the GRP Draft that directly refer to the MILF – in [3] the “decommissioning and reintegration” of MILF combatants and in [4] a reference to the so-called rogue MILF commands and the alleged sheltering by the MILF of terrorists.

How Doable?

How doable are the “doables”?

The seven “executive doables” detailed in Section 3 of Article 1 and three more in Section 3 of Article 3 are the subjects of the executive orders the President will issue within 30 days “from the signing of this Agreement.” The executive orders can easily be issued. But how soon, easy and effective will be the implementation considering Philippine bureaucracy? Records are barely assuring.

The proposals for legislative actions will surely enhance autonomy in the ARMM and benefit the people. But we know how the Regional Legislative Assembly and Congress work.

Many of the “executive doables” and the “legislative doables” should have been done long before the GRP-MILF peace talks started. Will they be now done with urgency and intensity should the MILF accept them as packaged in the GRP Draft? That the “doables” seemed not that doable prior to GRP Draft serious implies Government’s sincerity. (Patricio P. Diaz/MindaNews) [Tomorrow: Conclusions]

BY: Datu Manny Sarip

BANGSAMORO

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The Bates Treaty of 1899
The Bates Treaty of 1899 Conditional Agreement Between Brig.-General John C. Bates, Representing the United States, and the Sultan of Jolo (Sulu) August 20, 1899

Between Brigadier-General John C. Bates, representing the United States, of the one part; and his Highness, the Sultan of Jolo, the Dato Rajah Muda, the Dato Attik, The Dato Calbi, and the Dato Joakanain, of the other part: it being understood that this agreement will be in full force only when approved by the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands and confirmed by the President of the United States, and will be subject to future modifications by the mutual consent of the parties in interest.

Article I.

The sovereignty of the United States over the whole Archipelago of Jolo, and its dependencies, is declared and acknowledged.

Article II.

The United States flag will be used in the Archipelago of Jolo, and its dependencies, on land and sea.

Article III.

The rights and dignities of His Highness the Sultan, and his Datos, shall be fully respected; the Moros are not to be interfered with on account of their religion; all religious customs are to be respected, and no one is to be persecuted on account of his religion.

Article IV.

While the United States government may occupy and control such points in the Archipelago of Jolo as the public interests demand, encroachment will not be made upon the lands immediately about the residence of His Highness the Sultan, unless military necessity requires such occupation in case of war with a foreign power; and, where the property of individuals is taken, due compensation will be made in each case.

Any person can purchase land in the Archipelago of Jolo and hold the same by obtaining the consent of the Sultan and coming to satisfactory agreement with the owner of the land, and such purchase shall immediately be registered in the proper office of the United States Government.

Article V.

All trade in domestic products of the Arrchipelago of Jolo, when carried on by the Sultan and his people with any part of the Philippine Islands, and when conducted under the American flag, shall be free, unlimited, and undutiable.

Article VI.

The Sultan of Jolo shall be allowed to communicate direct with the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands in making complaint against the Commanding Officer of Jolo or against any Naval Commander.

Article VII.

The introduction of firearms and war material is forbidden, except under specific authority of the Governor-General of the Philippine Islands.

Article VIII.

Piracy must be suppressed and the Sultan and his Datos agree to heartily cooperate with the United States authorities to that end, and to make every possible effort to arrest and bring to justice all persons engaged in piracy.

Article IX.

Where crimes and offenses are committed by Moros against Moros, the government of the Sultan will bring to trial and punishment the criminals and offenders, who will be delivered to the government of the Sultan by the United States authorities if in their possession. In all other cases persons charged with crimes or offenses will be delivered to the United States authorities for trial and punishment.

Article X.

Any slave in the Archipelago of Jolo shall have the right to purchase freedom by paying to the master the usual market value.

Article XI.

In case of any trouble with subjects of the Sultan, the American authorities in the islands will be instructed to make careful investigation before resorting to harsh measures, as in most cases serious trouble can thus be avoided.

Article XII.

At present, American or foreigners wishing to go into the country should state their wishes to the Moro authorities and ask for an escort, but it is hoped that this will become unnecessary as we know each other better.

Article XIII.

The United States will give full protection to the Sultan and his subjects in case any foreign nation should attempt to impose upon them.

Article XIV.

The United States will not sell the island of Jolo or any other island of the Jolo Archipelago to any foreign nation without the consent of the Sultan of Jolo.

Article XV.

The United States government will pay the following monthly salaries:

To the Sultan      $250.00

(Mexican dollars)

To Dato Rajah Muda $ 75.00 To Dato Attik     $ 60.00 To Dato Calbi     $ 75.00 To Dato Joakanain  $ 75.00 To Dato Amin Hussin $ 60.00 To Dato Puyo     $ 60.00 To Hadji Butu     $ 50.00 To Hadji Mura     $ 10.00

To Serif Saguin    $ 15.00

Signed in triplicate, in English and Sulu, at Jolo, this 20th day of August, A.D. 1899 (13 Arabmil Ahil 1317).

(Signed)

John C. Bates, Brigadier General, United States Volunteers

(Signed)

Hadji Mohammed Jamalol Kiram Sultan of Jolo

(Signed)

Datu Rajah Muda Datu Attik Datu Kalbi Datu Joakanain

IN THE NAME OF GOD THE BENEFICENT, THE MERCIFUL

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT ON THE ANCESTRAL DOMAIN ASPECT OF THE GRP-MILF TRIPOLI AGREEMENT ON PEACE OF 2001

The Government of the Republic of the Philippines (GRP) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) herein referred to as the “Parties” to this Agreement,

TERMS OF REFERENCE

The Agreement for General Cessation of Hostilities dated July 18, 1997 Between the GRP and the MILF, and its Implementing Administrative and Operational Guidelines;

The General Framework of Agreement of Intent Between the GRP and the MILF dated August 27, 1998;

The Agreement on the General Framework for the Resumption of Peace Talks Between the GRP and the MILF dated March 24, 2001;

The Tripoli Agreement on Peace Between the GRP and the MILF dated June 22, 2001;

The Tripoli Agreement Between the GRP and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) dated December 23, 1976 and the Final Agreement on the Implementation of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement Between the GRP and the MNLF dated September 2, 1996;

Republic Act No. 6734, as amended by R.A. 9054, otherwise known as “An Act to Strengthen and Expand the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)”;

ILO Convention No. 169, in correlation to the UN Declaration on the Rights of the Indigenous Peoples, and Republic Act No. 8371 otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997, the UN Charter, the UN Universal Declaration on Human Rights, International Humanitarian Law (IHL), and internationally recognized human rights instruments; and

Compact rights entrenchment emanating from the regime of dar-ul-mua’hada (or territory under compact) and dar-ul-sulh (or territory under peace agreement) that partakes the nature of a treaty device. For the purpose of this Agreement, a “treaty” is defined as any solemn agreement in writing that sets out understandings, obligations, and benefits for both parties which provides for a framework that elaborates the principles declared in the Agreement.

HAVE AGREED AND ACKNOWLEDGED AS FOLLOWS:

CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

1. It is the birthright of all Moros and all Indigenous peoples of Mindanao to identify themselves and be accepted as “Bangsamoros”. The Bangsamoro people refers to those who are natives or original inhabitants of Mindanao and its adjacent islands including Palawan and the Sulu archipelago at the time of conquest or colonization and their descendants whether mixed or of full native blood. Spouses and their descendants are classified as Bangsamoro. The freedom of choice of the Indigenous people shall be respected.

2. It is essential to lay the foundation of the Bangsamoro homeland in order to address the Bangsamoro people’s humanitarian and economic needs as well as their political aspirations. Such territorial jurisdictions and geographic areas being the natural wealth and patrimony represent the social, cultural and political identity and pride of all the Bangsamoro people. Ownership of the homeland is vested exclusively in them by virtue of their prior rights of occupation that had inhered in them as sizeable bodies of people, delimited by their ancestors since time immemorial, and being the first politically organized dominant occupants.

3. Both Parties acknowledge that ancestral domain does not form part of the public domain but encompasses ancestral, communal, and customary lands, maritime, fluvial and alluvial domains as well as all natural resources therein that have inured or vested ancestral rights on the basis of native title. Ancestral domain and ancestral land refer to those held under claim of ownership, occupied or possessed, by themselves or through the ancestors of the Bangsamoro people, communally or individually since time immemorial continuously to the present, except when prevented by war, civil disturbance, force majeure, or other forms of possible usurpation or displacement by force, deceit, stealth, or as a consequence of government project or any other voluntary dealings entered into by the government and private individuals, corporate entities or institutions.

4. Both Parties acknowledge that the right to self-governance of the Bangsamoro people is rooted on ancestral territoriality exercised originally under the suzerain authority of their sultanates and the Pat a Pangampong ku Ranaw. The Moro sultanates were states or karajaan/kadatuan resembling a body politic endowed with all the elements of nation-state in the modern sense. As a domestic community distinct from the rest of the national communities, they have a definite historic homeland. They are the “First Nation” with defined territory and with a system of government having entered into treaties of amity and commerce with foreign nations. The Parties concede that the ultimate objective of entrenching the Bangsamoro homeland as a territorial space is to secure their identity and posterity, to protect their property rights and resources as well as to establish a system of governance suitable and acceptable to them as a distinct dominant people.

5. Both Parties affirm their commitment to mutually respect the right to one’s identity and the parity of esteem of everyone in the political community. The protection of civil rights and religious liberties of individuals underlie the basis of peace and justice of their totality of relationships.

6. Both Parties agree that the Bangsamoro Juridical Entity (BJE) shall have the authority and jurisdiction over the Ancestral Domain and Ancestral lands, including both alienable and non-alienable lands encompassed within their homeland and ancestral territory, as well as the delineation of ancestral domain/lands of the Bangsamoro people located therein.

7. Vested property rights upon the entrenchment of the BJE shall be recognized and respected subject to paragraph 9 of the strand on Resources.

TERRITORY

1. The Bangsamoro homeland and historic territory refer to the land mass as well as the maritime, terrestrial, fluvial and alluvial domains, and the aerial domain, the atmospheric space above it, embracing the Mindanao-Sulu-Palawan geographic region. However, delimitations are contained in the agreed Schedules (Categories).

2. Toward this end, the Parties enter into the following stipulations: a. The GRP and MILF as the Parties to this Agreement commit themselves to the full and mutual implementation of this framework agreement on territory with the aim of resolving outstanding issues that emanate from the consensus points on Ancestral Domain.

b. The Parties confirm their understanding that the mutual goal of reaching an agreement on Bangsamoro territory specific to mapping the outlying borders and the boundaries affecting local government units will lead to consolidation of the agreed texts on the Ancestral Domain Strands.

c. The Parties affirm that the core of the BJE shall constitute the present geographic area of the ARMM, including the municipalities of Baloi, Munai, Nunungan, Pantar, Tagoloan and Tangkal in the province of Lanao del Norte that voted for inclusion in the ARMM during the 2001 plebiscite.

d. Without derogating from the requirements of prior agreements, the Government stipulates to conduct and deliver, using all possible legal measures, within twelve (12) months following the signing of the MOA-AD, a plebiscite covering the areas as enumerated in the list and depicted in the map as Category A attached herein (the “Annex”). The Annex constitutes an integral part of this framework agreement. Toward this end, the Parties shall endeavor to complete the negotiations and resolve all outstanding issues on the Comprehensive Compact within fifteen (15) months from the signing of the MOA-AD.

e. The areas covered by Category B are reflected on a map and list attached herein as agreed to by the Parties. Category B (the "Special Intervention Areas") refers to conflict affected areas outside the BJE which shall be the subject of special socio-economic and cultural affirmative action implemented by the Central Government pending the conduct of a plebiscite not earlier than twenty-five (25) years from the signing of the Comprehensive Compact to determine the question of their accession to the BJE. The areas reflected are subject to further negotiations by the Parties. The Annex constitutes an integral part of this framework agreement.

f. Internal Waters: The BJE shall have jurisdiction over the management, conservation, development, protection, utilization and disposition of all natural resources, living and non-living, within its internal waters extending fifteen (15) kilometers from the coastline of the BJE area.

g. Territorial Waters: (1) The territorial waters of the BJE shall stretch beyond the BJE internal waters up to the Republic of the Philippines (RP) baselines south east and south west of mainland Mindanao. Beyond the fifteen (15) kilometers internal waters, the Central Government and the BJE shall exercise joint jurisdiction, authority and management over areas and all natural resources, living and non-living contained therein. The details of such management of the Territorial Waters shall be provided in an agreement to be entered into by the Parties.

(2) The boundaries of the territorial waters shall stretch beyond the 15-km. BJE internal waters up to the Central Government’s baselines under existing laws. In the southern and eastern part of the BJE, it shall be demarcated by a line drawn from the Maguling Point, Palimbang, Province of Sultan Kudarat up to the straight baselines of the Philippines. On the northwestern part, it shall be demarcated by a line drawn from Little Sta. Cruz Island, Zamboanga City, up to Naris Point, Bataraza, Palawan. On the western part of Palawan, it shall be demarcated by a line drawn from the boundary of Bataraza and Rizal up to the straight baselines of the Philippines.

The final demarcation shall be determined by a joint technical body composed of duly-designated representatives of both Parties, in coordination with the appropriate Central Government agency in accordance with the above guidelines.

h. Sharing of Minerals on Territorial Waters: Consistent with paragraphs 5 and 6 of the provisions on Resources, all potential sources of energy, petroleum in situ, hydrocarbon, natural gas and other minerals, including deposits or fields found within the territorial waters, shall be shared between the Central Government and the BJE in favor of the latter through production sharing agreement or economic cooperation agreement.

i. Activities Allowed on Territorial Waters:

(1) The Parties shall have authority to carry out the following activities within the territorial waters: (a) Exploration and utilization of the natural resources, whether living or non-living, within the territorial waters; (b) Establishment and use of artificial islands, installations and structures; (c) Marine scientific research; (d) Protection and the preservation of the marine environment; (e) Conservation of living resources; (f) Regulation of shipping and fishing activities; (g) Enforcement of police and safety measures, including interdiction of the entry and use of the waters by criminal elements and hot pursuit of suspected criminal elements; (h) Regulation and control of contraband and illegal entry of prohibited materials and substances, including smuggling; and (i) Such other measures as the Parties may otherwise mutually agree.

(2) Activities relating to exploration and utilization of non-living resources, as well as paragraphs (c) and (d) of the Authorized Activities will be carried out on a joint basis agreed by the Parties which may be in the form of production sharing agreements or joint development pacts.

j. Establishment of a Joint Commission:

(1) The Parties shall establish a Joint Commission, which shall elaborate the modalities for the implementation and the carrying out of the Authorized Activities and the measures adopted in cases of allegation of breach, and carry out any other functions which may be assigned to it by the Parties for the purpose of implementing the joint management of resources.

(2) The Joint Commission shall consist of one representative from each Party, who are assisted by advisers as may be needed. The conclusions of the Joint Commission shall be adopted by consensus and shall only be recommendatory in nature. Only when the conclusions of the Joint Commission are adopted by the Parties do they become binding on the Parties.

k. Demarcation and Status of Territorial Waters: The demarcation and status of the BJE territorial waters shall be finally determined together with the demarcation and final status of Category B territory of the BJE.

3. From and after entrenchment of compact rights over the Bangsamoro homeland and the territorial jurisdictions for associative governance shall likewise embrace those under proclamation for agricultural and human settlements intended for the Bangsamoro people, all alienable and disposable Lands, pasture lands, timberlands together with all existing civil and military reservations, parks, old growth or natural forests declared as forest reserves, watersheds, mangroves, fishponds, wetlands, marshes, inland bodies of water; and all bays, straits and channels found within the BJE.

4. All territorial and geographic areas in Mindanao and its adjacent islands including Palawan, and the Sulu archipelago that have been declared recognized, and/or delineated as ancestral domain and ancestral land of the Bangsamoro people as their geographic areas, inclusive of settlements and reservations, may be formed or constituted into political subdivisions of the Bangsamoro territorial jurisdictions subject to the principles of equality of peoples and mutual respect and to the protection of civil, political, economic, and cultural rights in their respective Jurisdictions.

5. For purposes of territorial delimitation, the Parties have agreed to the joint determination of geographic areas encompassed within the territorial borders of the Bangsamoro homeland and territory based on the technical maps and data submitted by both sides as provided above.

RESOURCES

1. The BJE is empowered with authority and responsibility for the land use, development, conservation and disposition of the natural resources within the homeland. Upon entrenchment of the BJE, the land tenure and use of such resources and wealth must reinforce their economic self-sufficiency. Among the purposes or measures to make progress more rapid are:

a. Entry into joint development, utilization, and exploitation of natural resources designed as commons or shared resources, which is tied up to the full setting of appropriate institution, particularly affecting strategic minerals;

b. Stimulation of local economy by a range of mechanism, in particular the need to address unemployment and improvement of living conditions for the population in the BJE;

c. Intensification of measures needed to uproot the cause of poverty in the BJE through responsible harnessing and development of its natural resources; and

d. Undertaking program review of public services, industrial or trade-related and agrarian-related issues in situations of different sectors of the society in the BJE, which acquire communal character deriving from the special nature of their industry.

2. The Bangsamoro People through their appropriate juridical entity shall, among others, exercise power or authority over the natural resources within its territorial jurisdiction:

a. To explore, exploit, use or utilize and develop their ancestral domain and ancestral lands within their territorial jurisdiction, inclusive of their right of occupation, possession, conservation, and exploitation of all natural resources found therein;

b. To conserve and protect the human and natural environment for their sustainable and beneficial enjoyment and their posterity;

c. To utilize, develop, and exploit its natural resources found in their ancestral domain or enter into a joint development, utilization, and exploitation of natural resources, specifically on strategic minerals, designed as commons or shared resources, which is tied up to the final setting of appropriate institution;

d. To revoke or grant forest concessions, timber license, contracts or agreements in the utilization and exploitation of natural resources designated as commons or shared resources, mechanisms for economic cooperation with respect to strategic minerals, falling within the territorial jurisdiction of the BJE;

e. To enact agrarian laws and programs suitable to the special circumstances of the Bangsamoro people prevailing in their ancestral lands within the established territorial boundaries of the Bangsamoro homeland and ancestral territory within the competence of the BJE; and

f. To use such natural resources and wealth to reinforce their economic selfsufficiency.

3. The BJE, and the Central Government agree on wealth-sharing based on a mutually agreed percentage ratio in favor of the BJE through an economic cooperation agreement or arrangement over the income and revenues that are derived from the exploration, exploitation, use and development of any resources for the benefit of the Bangsamoro people.

4. The BJE is free to enter into any economic cooperation and trade relations with foreign countries: provided, however, that such relationships and understandings do not include aggression against the Government of the Republic of the Philippines; provided, further that it shall remain the duty and obligation of the Central Government to take charge of external defense. Without prejudice to the right of the Bangsamoro juridical entity to enter into agreement and environmental cooperation with any friendly country affecting its jurisdiction, it shall include:

a. The option to establish and open Bangsamoro trade missions in foreign countries with which it has economic cooperation agreements; and

b. The elements bearing in mind the mutual benefits derived from Philippine archipelagic status and security. And, in furtherance thereto, the Central Government shall take necessary steps to ensure the BJE’s participation in international meetings and events, e.g. ASEAN meetings and other specialized agencies of the United Nations. This shall entitle the BJE’s participation in Philippine official missions and delegations that are engaged in the negotiation of border agreements or protocols for environmental protection, equitable sharing of incomes and revenues, in the areas of sea, seabed and inland seas or bodies of water adjacent to or between islands forming part of the ancestral domain, in addition to those of fishing rights.

5. Jurisdiction and control over, and the right of exploring for, exploiting, producing and obtaining all potential sources of energy, petroleum, in situ, fossil fuel, mineral oil and natural gas, whether onshore or offshore, is vested in the BJE as the party having control within its territorial jurisdiction, provided that in times of national emergency, when public interest so requires, the Central Government may, during the emergency, for a fixed period and under reasonable terms as may be agreed by both Parties, temporarily assume or direct the operations of such strategic resources.

6. The BJE take or profit split from total production shall be shared with the Central Government on a percentage ratio of 75:25 in favor of the BJE. All royalties, bonuses, taxes, charges, custom duties or imposts on natural resources and mineral resources shall be shared by the Parties on a percentage ratio of 75:25 in favor of the BJE.

7. The legitimate grievances of the Bangsamoro people arising from any unjust dispossession of their territorial and proprietary rights, customary land tenures, or their marginalization shall be acknowledged. Whenever restoration is no longer possible, the GRP shall take effective measures or adequate reparation collectively beneficial to the Bangsamoro people, in such quality, quantity and status to be determined mutually by both Parties.

8. All proclamations, issuances, policies, rules and guidelines declaring old growth or natural forests and all watersheds within the BJE as forest reserves shall continue to remain in force until otherwise modified, revised or superseded by subsequent policies, rules and regulations issued by the competent authority under the BJE.

9. Forest concessions, timber licenses, contracts or agreements, mining concessions, Mineral Production and Sharing Agreements (MPSA), Industrial Forest Management Agreements (IFMA), and other land tenure instruments of any kind or nature whatsoever granted by the Philippine Government including those issued by the present ARMM shall continue to operate from the date of formal entrenchment of the BJE unless otherwise expired, reviewed, modified and/or cancelled by the latter.

10.The Parties recognize an immediate need to establish a five-member BJE economic-expert mission (the “Mission”) bearing in mind that the functioning of the economy and the operation of institutions involve financial and other resource management as well as parallel or complementary means, by which the Bangsamoro Development Agency (BDA) will manage and administer resources acquired for the above purposes, especially in coordinating strategies and programs for cooperation in all fields.

11.The Mission acts as a link in the conduct of BJE’s associative parallel relationships and shall cooperate fully with all organizations involved in implementation of the peace settlement. It shall launch a plan and joint international appeal for the reparation and development of the conflict affected areas in Mindanao. Persons appointed thereto must be familiar with the specific economic, political and legal characteristics in the Mindanao-Sulu-Palawan region and must possess recognized competence, integrity, and high moral standing.

12.Cognizant that the Mission will benefit from international expertise, both the Central Government and the BJE hereby join the Third Party facilitator in inviting international funding institutions or equivalent entities for reconstruction and development to appoint two members and to designate one as the Chairman. The BJE shall designate one member as Co-Chairman. The remaining two members shall each be designated by the Central Government and the BJE.

GOVERNANCE

1. The recognition and peaceful resolution of the conflict must involve consultations with the Bangsamoro people free of any imposition in order to provide chances of success and open new formulas that permanently respond to the aspirations of the Bangsamoro people.

2. The ultimate objective of entrenching the Bangsamoro homeland as a territorial space is to secure their identity and posterity, to protect their property rights and resources as well as to establish a system of governance suitable and acceptable to them as a distinct dominant people. The Parties respect the freedom of choice of the indigenous peoples.

3. The Parties agree to invite a multinational third - party to observe and monitor the actual implementation of the comprehensive compact which will embody the details for the effective enforcement of this Agreement. The participation of the third – party shall not in any way affect the status of the relationship between the Central Government and the BJE. 4. The relationship between the Central Government and the BJE shall be associative characterized by shared authority and responsibility with a structure of governance based on executive, legislative, judicial and administrative institutions with defined powers and functions in the Comprehensive Compact. A period of transition shall be established in a Comprehensive Compact specifying the relationship between the Central Government and the BJE.

5. In the context of implementing prior and incremental agreements between the GRP and MILF, it is the joint understanding of the Parties that the term “entrenchment” means, for the purposes of giving effect to this transitory provision, the creation of a process of institution building to exercise shared authority over territory and defined functions of associative character.

6. The modalities for the governance intended to settle the outstanding negotiated political issues are deferred after the signing of the MOA-AD. The establishment of institutions for governance in a Comprehensive Compact, together with its modalities during the transition period, shall be fully entrenched and established in the basic law of the BJE. The Parties shall faithfully comply with their commitment to the associative arrangements upon entry into force of the Comprehensive Compact.

7. The Parties agree that the mechanisms and modalities for the actual implementation of this MOA-AD shall be spelt out in the Comprehensive Compact to mutually take such steps to enable it to occur effectively. Any provisions of the MOA-AD requiring amendments to the existing legal framework shall come into force upon signing of a Comprehensive Compact and upon effecting the necessary changes to the legal framework with due regard to non derogation of prior agreements and within the stipulated timeframe to be contained in the Comprehensive Compact.

8. The Parties agree that the BJE shall be empowered to build, develop and maintain its own institutions, inclusive of, civil service, electoral, financial and banking, education, legislation, legal, economic, and police and internal security force, judicial system and correctional institutions, necessary for developing a progressive Bangsamoro society, the details of which shall be discussed in the negotiation of the Comprehensive Compact.

9. The Parties further agree to undertake activities which will enhance the capacity of the government institutions during the transition through technical assistance, information-sharing and human resource development.

10.Matters concerning the details of the agreed consensus points on Governance not covered under this Agreement shall be deferred to, and discussed during, the negotiations of the Comprehensive Compact.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the representatives of the Parties hereby affix their signatures. Done this 5th day of August, 2008 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

FOR THE GRP:

RODOLFO C. GARCIA Chairman GRP Peace Negotiating Panel

FOR THE MILF:

MOHAGHER IQBAL Chairman MILF Peace Negotiating Panel

WITNESSED BY:

DATUK OTHMAN BIN ABD RAZAK Special Adviser to the Prime Minister

ENDORSED BY:

AMBASSADOR SAYED ELMASRY Adviser to Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) Secretary General and Special Envoy for Peace Process in Southern Philippines

IN THE PRESENCE OF:

DR. ALBERTO G. ROMULO Secretary of Foreign Affairs Republic of the Philippines

DATO’ SERI UTAMA DR. RAIS BIN YATIM Minister of Foreign Affairs Malaysia

ANNEX (CATEGORY "B") Category B (the" Special Intervention Areas") refers to conflict affected areas outside the BJE which shall be the subject of special socio-economic and cultural affirmative action implemented by the Central Government pending the conduct of a plebiscite not earlier than twenty-five (25) years from the signing of the Comprehensive Compact to determine the question of their accession to the BJE. The areas reflected are subject to further negotiations by the Parties.

COTABATO (NORTH COTABATO)

ALAMADA

1 Bao 2 Barangiran 3 Camansi 4 Kitacubong (Pob.) 5 Malitubog 6 Mirasol 7 Pacao 8 Paruayan 9 Polayagan 10 Rangayen 11 Raradangan

CARMEN

12 Bentangan 13 Kibugtongan 14 Kilala 15 Kimadzil 16 Liliongan 17 Malapag 18 Poblacion 19 Ranzo 20 Tacupan 21 Tonganon

LIBUNGAN (all)

22 Abaga 23 Baguer 24 Barongis 25 Batiocan 26 Cabaruyan 27 Cabpangi 28 Demapaco 29 Grebona 30 Gumaga 31 Kapayawi 32 Kiloyao 33 Kitubod 34 Malengen 35 Montay 36 Nica-an 37 Palao 38 Poblacion 39 Sinapangan 40 Sinawingan 41 Ulamian

MAKILALA (all)

42 Batasan 43 Bato 44 Biangan 45 Buena Vida 46 Buhay 47 Bulakanon 48 Cabilao 49 Concepcion 50 Dagupan 51 Garsika 52 Guangan 53 Indangan 54 Jose Rizal 55 Katipunan II 56 Kawayanon 57 Kisante 58 Leboce 59 Libertad 60 Luayon 61 Luna Norte 62 Luna Sur 63 Malabuan 64 Malasila 65 Malungon 66 New Baguio 67 New Bulatukan 68 New Cebu 69 New Israel 70 Old Bulatukan 71 Poblacion 72 Rodero 73 Saguing 74 San Vicente 75 Santa Felomina Page 3 of 35 76 Santo Niño 77 Sinkatulan 78 Taluntalunan 79 Villaflores

MATALAM

80 Bangbang 81 Bato 82 Dalapitan 83 Estado 84 Kabulacan 85 Kibia 86 Kibudoc 87 Lampayan 88 Latagan 89 Linao 90 Lower Malamote 91 Manupal 92 Minamaing 93 Natutungan 94 New Alimodian 95 New Bugasong 96 New Pandan 97 Pinamaton 98 Salvacion 99 Santa Maria 100 Sarayan 101 Taculen

MIDSAYAP

102 Agriculture 103 Anonang 104 Arizona 105 Bagumba 106 Baliki 107 Barangay Poblacion 1 108 Barangay Poblacion 2 109 Barangay Poblacion 3 110 Barangay Poblacion 4 111 Barangay Poblacion 5 112 Barangay Poblacion 6 113 Barangay Poblacion 7 114 Barangay Poblacion 8 115 Bitoka 116 Bual Norte 117 Bual Sur 118 Bulanan Upper 119 Central Bulanan 120 Central Glad 121 Central Katingawan 122 Ilbocean 123 Kimagango 124 Kiwanan 125 Lagumbingan 126 Lower Glad 127 Lower Katingawan 128 Malamote 129 Milaya 130 Nalin 131 Palongoguen 132 Patindeguen 133 Sadaan 134 Salunayan 135 San Isidro 136 Santa Cruz 137 Upper Glad I 138 Upper Glad II 139 Villarica

M'LANG

140 Bagontapay 141 Bialong 142 Buayan 143 Calunasan 144 Dalipe 145 Inas 146 Katipunan 147 La Fortuna 148 La Suerte 149 Langkong 150 Lepaga 151 Liboo 152 Lika 153 Luz Village 154 Magallon 155 Malayan 156 New Antique 157 New Barbaza 158 New Consolacion 159 New Esperanza 160 New Janiuay 161 New Kalibo 162 New Lawa-an 163 New Rizal 164 Nueva Vida 165 Pag-asa 166 Palma-Perez 167 Poblacion 168 Poblacion B 169 Pulang-lupa 170 Sangat 171 Tawantawan 172 Tibao 173 Ugpay

PIGKAWAYAN

174 Anick (Upper Balogo) 175 Balogo 176 Buluan 177 Cabpangi 178 Capayuran 179 Central Panatan 180 Kimarayang 181 Malagakit 182 Maluao 183 Midpapan I 184 Midpapan II 185 Mulok 186 New Culasi 187 New Igbaras 188 New Panay 189 North Manuangan 190 Poblacion I 191 Poblacion II 192 Poblacion III 193 Presbitero 194 Renibon 195 South Manuangan 196 Tigbawan 197 Tubon

PRESIDENT ROXAS

198 Alegria 199 Bato-bato 200 Cabangbangan 201 Camasi 202 Datu Indang 203 Datu Sandongan 204 Del Carmen 205 F. Cajelo (New Maasin) 206 Greenhill 207 Idaoman 208 Ilustre 209 Kamarahan 210 Kimaruhing 211 Kisupaan 212 La Esperanza 213 Labu-o 214 Lamalama 215 Lomonay 216 Mabuhay 217 New Cebu 218 Poblacion 219 Sagcungan 220 Sarayan 221 Tuael

BANISILAN

222 Malagap 223 Puting-bato ALEOSAN 224 Bagolibas 225 Cawilihan 226 Dualing 227 Katalicanan 228 Lawili 229 New Leon 230 Palacat 231 Pentil 232 San Mateo 233 Santa Cruz 234 Tomado 235 Upper Mingading

ARAKAN

236 Allab 237 Anapolon 238 Badiangon 239 Binoongan 240 Dallag 241 Datu Ladayon 242 Datu Matangkil 243 Doroluman 244 Gambodes 245 Ganatan 246 Kabalantian 247 Katipunan 248 Kinawayan 249 Kulaman Valley 250 Lanao Kuran 251 Libertad 252 Makalangot 253 Malibatuan 254 Maria Caridad 255 Meocan 256 Naje 257 Napalico 258 Poblacion (Greenfield) 259 Salasang 260 San Miguel 261 Santo Niño 262 Sumalili 263 Tumanding

LANAO DEL NORTE

BACOLOD 264 Alegria 265 Babalaya 266 Binuni 267 Demologan 268 Esperanza 269 Kahayag 270 Liangan East 271 Mati 272 Minaulon 273 Poblacion Bacolod 274 Rupagan

SULTAN KUDARAT

ISULAN

275 Bambad 276 Dansuli 277 D'Lotilla 278 Impao 279 Kalawag I (Pob.) 280 Kalawag II (Pob.) 281 Kalawag III (Pob.) 282 Kenram 283 Kolambog 284 Kudanding 285 Mapantig 286 New Pangasinan 287 Sampao 288 Tayugo

SOUTH COTABATO

POLOMOLOK (all)

289 Bentung 290 Cannery Site 291 Crossing Palkan 292 Glamang 293 Kinilis 294 Klinan 6 295 Koronadal Proper 296 Lam-Caliaf 297 Landan 298 Lapu 299 Lumakil 300 Magsaysay 301 Maligo 302 Pagalungan 303 Palkan 304 Poblacion 305 Polo 306 Rubber 307 Silway 7 308 Silway 8 309 Sulit 310 Sumbakil 311 Upper Klinan

TAMPAKAN (all)

312 Albagan 313 Buto 314 Danlag 315 Kipalbig 316 Lambayong 317 Lampitak 318 Liberty 319 Maltana 320 Palo 321 Poblacion 322 Pula-bato 323 San Isidro 324 Tablu

TUPI (all)

325 Acmonan 326 Bololmala 327 Bunao 328 Cebuano 329 Crossing Rubber 330 Kablon 331 Kalkam 332 Linan 333 Lunen 334 Miasong 335 Palian 336 Poblacion 337 Polonuling 338 Simbo 339 Tubeng

SARANGANI

GLAN (all)

340 Baliton 341 Batotuling 342 Batulaki 343 Big Margus 344 Burias 345 Cablalan 346 Calabanit 347 Calpidong 348 Congan 349 Cross 350 Datalbukay 351 E. Alegado 352 Glan Padidu 353 Gumasa 354 Ilaya 355 Kaltuad 356 Kapatan 357 Lago 358 Laguimit 359 Mudan 360 New Aklan 361 Pangyan 362 Poblacion 363 Rio Del Pilar 364 San Jose 365 San Vicente 366 Small Margus 367 Sufatubo 368 Taluya 369 Tango 370 Tapon

KIAMBA (all)

371 Badtasan 372 Datu Dani 373 Gasi 374 Kapate 375 Katubao 376 Kayupo 377 Kling (Lumit) 378 Lagundi 379 Lebe 380 Lomuyon 381 Luma 382 Maligang 383 Nalus 384 Poblacion 385 Salakit 386 Suli 387 Tablao 388 Tamadang 389 Tambilil

MAASIM (all)

390 Amsipit 391 Bales 392 Colon 393 Daliao 394 Kabatiol 395 Kablacan 396 Kamanga 397 Kanalo 398 Lumasal 399 Lumatil 400 Malbang 401 Nomoh 402 Pananag 403 Poblacion (Maasim) 404 Seven Hills 405 Tinoto

MAITUM (all)

406 Bati-an 407 Kalaneg 408 Kalaong 409 Kiambing 410 Kiayap 411 Mabay 412 Maguling 413 Malalag (Pob.) 414 Mindupok 415 New La Union 416 Old Poblacion (Maitum) 417 Pangi (Linao) 418 Pinol 419 Sison (Edenton) 420 Ticulab 421 Tuanadatu 422 Upo (Lanao) 423 Wali (Kambuhan) 424 Zion

MALAPATAN (all)

425 Daan Suyan 426 Kihan 427 Kinam 428 Libi 429 Lun Masla 430 Lun Padidu 431 Patag 432 Poblacion (Malapatan) 433 Sapu Masla 434 Sapu Padidu 435 Tuyan 436 Upper Suyan

DAVAO DEL SUR

SARANGANI (all)

437 Batuganding 438 Camahual 439 Camalig 440 Gomtago 441 Konel 442 Laker (Sarangani Sur) 443 Lipol 444 Mabila (Pob.) 445 Patuco (Sarangani Norte) 446 Tagen 447 Tinina 448 Tucal

DAVAO ORIENTAL

TARRAGONA (all)

449 Cabagayan 450 Central (Pob.) 451 Dadong 452 Jovellar 453 Limot 454 Lucatan 455 Maganda Page 12 of 35 456 Ompao 457 Tomoaong 458 Tubaon

COMPOSTELA VALLEY

PANTUKAN (all)

459 Araibo 460 Bongabong 461 Bongbong 462 Kingking (Pob.) 463 Las Arenas 464 Magnaga 465 Matiao 466 Napnapan 467 P. Fuentes 468 Tagdangua 469 Tag-Ugpo 470 Tambongon 471 Tibagon

ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

BALIGUIAN (all)

472 Alegria 473 Diangas 474 Diculom 475 Guimotan 476 Kauswagan 477 Kilalaban 478 Linay 479 Lumay 480 Malinao 481 Mamad 482 Mamawan 483 Milidan 484 Nonoyan 485 Poblacion 486 San Jose 487 Tamao 488 Tan-awan

GODOD (all)

489 Baluno 490 Banuangan 491 Bunawan 492 Dilucot 493 Dipopor 494 Guisapong 495 Limbonga (Limboangan) 496 Lomogom 497 Mauswagon 498 Miampic 499 Poblacion 500 Raba 501 Rambon 502 San Pedro 503 Sarawagan 504 Sianan 505 Sioran

KALAWIT (all)

506 Batayan 507 Botong 508 Concepcion 509 Daniel Maing (Dominolog) 510 Fatima (Lacsutan) 511 Gatas 512 Kalawit (Pob.) 513 Marcelo 514 New Calamba 515 Palalian 516 Paraiso 517 Pianon 518 San Jose 519 Tugop*

LABASON (all)

520 Antonino (Pob.) 521 Balas 522 Bobongan 523 Dansalan 524 Gabu 525 Gil Sanchez 526 Imelda 527 Immaculada 528 Kipit 529 La Union 530 Lapatan 531 Lawagan 532 Lawigan 533 Lopoc (Pob.) 534 Malintuboan 535 New Salvacion 536 Osukan 537 Patawag 538 San Isidro 539 Ubay SALUG (all) 540 Bacong 541 Balakan 542 Binoni 543 Calucap 544 Canawan 545 Caracol 546 Danao 547 Dinoan 548 Dipolod 549 Fatima (Pogan) 550 Ipilan 551 Lanawan 552 Liguac 553 Lipakan 554 Mucas 556 Pacuhan 557 Poblacion (Salug) 558 Poblacion East 559 Pukay 560 Ramon Magsaysay 561 Santo Niño 562 Tambalang 563 Tapalan

SIBUCO (all)

564 Anongan 565 Basak 566 Bongalao 567 Cabbunan 568 Cawit-cawit 569 Culaguan 570 Cusipan 571 Dinulan 572 Jatian 573 Kamarangan 574 Lakiki 575 Lambagoan 576 Limpapa 577 Lingayon 578 Lintangan 579 Litawan 580 Lunday 581 Malayal 582 Mantivo 583 Nala (Pob.) 584 Panganuran 585 Pangian 586 Paniran 587 Pasilnahut 588 Poblacion 589 Puliran 590 Santo Niño (Culabog) 591 Tangarak

SIOCON (all)

592 Andres Micubo Jr. (Balili) 593 Balagunan 594 Bucana 595 Bulacan 596 Candiz 597 Datu Sailila 598 Dionisio Riconalla 599Jose P. Brillantes, Sr. (Old Lituban) 600 Latabon 601 Makiang 602 Malambuhangin 603 Malipot 604 Manaol 605 Mateo Francisco 606 Matiag 607 New Lituban 608 Pangian 609 Pisawak 610 Poblacion (Siocon) 611 S. Cabral 612 Santa Maria 613 Siay 614 Suhaile Arabi 615 Tabayo 616 Tagaytay 617 Tibangao

SIRAWAI (all)

618 Balatakan 619 Balonkan 620 Balubuan 621 Bitugan 622 Bongon 623 Catuyan 624 Culasian 625 Danganon 626 Doña Cecilia 627 Guban 628 Lagundi 629 Libucon 630 Lubok 631 Macuyon 632 Minanga 633 Motong 634 Napulan 635 Panabutan 636 Piacan 637 Piña 638 Pisa Itom 639 Pisa Puti 640 Pugos 641 Pula Bato 642 Pulang Lupa 643 Saint Mary (Pob.) 644 San Nicolas (Pob.) 645 San Roque (Pob.) 646 San Vicente (Pob.) 647 Sipakit 648 Sipawa 649 Sirawai Proper (Pob.) 650 Talabiga 651 Tapanayan

ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY

ALICIA (all)

652 Alegria 653 Bagong Buhay 654 Bella 655 Calades 656 Concepcion 657 Dawa-dawa 658 Gulayon 659 Ilisan 660 Kapatagan 661 Kauswagan 662 Kawayan 663 La Paz 664 Lambuyogan 665 Lapirawan 666 Litayon 667 Lutiman 668 Milagrosa (Baluno) 669 Naga-naga 670 Pandan-pandan 671 Payongan 672 Poblacion 673 Santa Maria 674 Santo Niño 675 Talaptap 676 Tampalan 677 Tandiong Muslim 678 Timbang-timbang

BUUG (all)

679 Agutayan 680 Bagong Borbon 681 Basalem 682 Bawang 683 Bliss 684 Bulaan 685 Compostela 686 Danlugan 687 Datu Panas 688 Del Monte 689 Guintuloan 690 Guitom 691 Guminta 692 Labrador 693 Lantawan 694 Mabuhay 695 Maganay 696 Manlin 697 Muyo 698 Pamintayan 699 Pling 700 Poblacion 701 Pulog 702 San Jose 703 Talairan 704 Talamimi 705 Villacastor (Galit)

IPIL (all)

706 Bacalan 707 Bangkerohan 708 Bulu-an 709 Caparan 710 Domandan 711 Don Andres 712 Doña Josefa 713 Guituan 714 Ipil Heights 715 Labi 716 Logan 717 Lower Ipil Heights 718 Lower Taway 719 Lumbia 720 Maasin 721 Magdaup 722 Makilas 723 Pangi 724 Poblacion 725 Sanito 726 Suclema 727 Taway 728 Tenan 729 Tiayon 730 Timalang 731 Tomitom 732 Upper Pangi 733 Veteran's Village (Ruiz)

MABUHAY

734 Abunda 735 Bagong Silang 736 Catipan 737 Kauswagan 738 Ligaya 739 Looc-Barlak 740 Malinao 741 Pinalim (San Roque) 742 Poblacion 743 Punawan 744 Santo Niño (Caliran) 745 Sawa 746 Sioton

MALANGAS (all)

747 Bacao 748 Basak-bawang 749 Bontong 750 Camanga 751 Candiis 752 Catituan 753 Dansulao 754 Del Pilar 755 Kigay 756 La Dicha 757 Lipacan 758 Logpond 759 Mabini 760 Malungon 761 Mulom 762 Overland 763 Palalian 764 Payag 765 Poblacion 766 Rebocon 767 San Vicente 768 Sinusayan 769 Tackling 770 Tigabon 771Guilawa

OLUTANGA (all)

772 Bateria 773 Calais (Kalines) 774 Esperanza 775 Fama 776 Galas 777 Gandaan 778 Kahayagan 779 Looc Sapi 780 Matim 781 Noque 782 Pulo Laum 783 Pulo Mabao 784 San Isidro 785 San Jose 786 Santa Maria 787 Solar (Pob.) 788 Tambanan 789 Villacorte 790 Villagonzalo

SIAY (all)

791 Bagong Silang 792 Balagon 793 Balingasan 794 Balucanan 795 Bataan 796 Batu 797 Buyogan 798 Camanga 799 Coloran 780 Kimos (Kima) 781 Labasan 782 Lagting 783 Laih 784 Logpond 785 Magsaysay 786 Mahayahay 787 Maligaya 788 Maniha 789 Minsulao 790 Mirangan 791 Monching 792 Paruk 793 Poblacion 794 Princesa Sumama 795 Salinding 796 San Isidro 797 Sibuguey 798 Siloh 799 Villagracia

TUNGAWAN (all)

800 Baluran 801 Batungan 802 Cayamcam 803 Datu Tumanggong 804 Gaycon 805 Langon 806 Libertad (Pob.) 807 Linguisan 808 Little Margos 809 Loboc 810 Looc-labuan 811 Lower Tungawan 812 Malungon 813 Masao 814 San Isidro 815 San Pedro 816 San Vicente 817 Santo Niño 818 Sisay 819 Taglibas 820 Tigbanuang 821 Tigbucay 822 Tigpalay 823 Timbabauan 824 Upper Tungawan

TALUSAN (all)

825 Aurora Page 21 of 35 826 Baganipay 827 Bolingan 828 Bualan 829 Cawilan 830 Florida 831 Kasigpitan 832 Laparay 833 Mahayahay 834 Moalboal 835 Poblacion (Talusan) 836 Sagay 837 Samonte 838 Tuburan

PAYAO (all)

839 Balian 840 Balogo 841 Balungisan 842 Binangonan 843 Bulacan 844 Bulawan 845 Calape 846 Dalama 847 Fatima (Silal) 848 Guintolan 849 Guiwan 850 Katipunan 851 Kima 852 Kulasian 853 Kulisap 854 La Fortuna 855 Labatan 856 Mayabo (Santa Maria) 857 Minundas (Santo. Niño) 858 Mountain View (Puluan) 859 Nanan 860 Poblacion (Payao) 861 San Isidro 862 San Roque 863 San Vicente (Binangonan) 864 Silal 865 Sumilong 866 Talaptap 867 Upper Sumilong

IMELDA (all)

868 Balugo 869 Balungisan 870 Baluyan 871 Cana-an 872 Dumpoc 873 Gandiangan 874 Israel (Balian Israel) 875 La Victoria 876 Little Baguio 877 Lower Baluran 878 Lumbog 879 Lumpanac 880 Mali Little Baguio 881 Poblacion (Santa Fe) 882 Pulawan (Mt. View) 883 San Jose 884 Santa Barbara 885 Upper Baluran

DIPLAHAN (all)

886 Balangao 887 Butong 888 Ditay 889 Gaulan 890 Goling 891 Guinoman 892 Kauswagan 893 Lindang 894 Lobing 895 Luop 896 Manangon 897 Mejo 898 Natan 899 Paradise 900 Pilar 901 Poblacion (Diplahan) 902 Sampoli A 903 Sampoli B 904 Santa Cruz 905 Songcuya 906 Tinongtongan 907 Tuno

TITAY (all)

908 Achasol 909 Azusano 910 Bangco 911 Camanga 912 Culasian 913 Dalangin 914 Dalangin Muslim 915 Dalisay 916 Gomotoc 917 Imelda (Upper Camanga) 918 Kipit 919 Kitabog 920 La Libertad 921 Longilog 922 Mabini 923 Malagandis 924 Mate 925 Moalboal 926 Namnama 927 New Canaan 928 Palomoc 929 Poblacion (Titay) 930 Poblacion Muslim 931 Pulidan 932 San Antonio 933 Santa Fe 934 Supit 935 Tugop 936 Tugop Muslim

ROSELLER LIM (all)

937 Ali Alsree 938 Balansag 939 Calula 940 Casacon 941 Don Perfecto 942 Gango 943 Katipunan 944 Kulambugan 945 Mabini 946 Magsaysay 947 Malubal 948 New Antique 949 New Sagay 950 Palmera 951 Pres. Roxas 952 Remedios 953 San Antonio 954 San Fernandino 955 San Jose 956 Santo Rosario 957 Siawang 959 Surabay 960 Taruc 961 Tilasan 962 Tupilac

NAGA (all)

963 Aguinaldo 964 Baga 965 Baluno 966 Bangkaw-bangkaw 967 Cabong 968 Crossing Sta. Clara 969 Gubawang 970 Guintoloan 971 Kaliantana 972 La Paz 973 Lower Sulitan 974 Mamagon 975 Marsolo 976 Poblacion 977 San Isidro 978 Sandayong 979 Santa Clara 980 Sulo 981 Tambanan 982 Taytay Manubo 983 Tilubog 984 Tipan 985 Upper Sulitan

KABASALAN (all)

986 Banker 987 Bolo Batallion 988 Buayan 989 Cainglet 990 Calapan 991 Calubihan 992 Concepcion (Balungis) 993 Diampak 994 Dipala 995 Gacbusan 996 Goodyear 997 Lacnapan 998 Little Baguio 999 Lumbayao 1000 Nazareth 1001Palinta 1002 Peñaranda 1003 Poblacion 1004 Riverside 1005 Sanghanan 1006 Santa Cruz 1007 Sayao 1008 Shiolan 1009 Simbol 1010 Sininan 1011 Tamin 1012 Tampilisan 1013 Tigbangagan 1014 Timuay Danda (Mangahas)

ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR

AURORA (all)

1015 Acad 1016 Alang-alang 1017 Alegria 1018 Anonang 1019 Bagong Mandaue 1020 Bagong Maslog 1021 Bagong Oslob 1022 Bagong Pitogo 1023 Baki 1024 Balas 1025 Balide 1026 Balintawak 1027 Bayabas 1028 Bemposa 1029 Cabilinan 1030 Campo Uno 1031 Ceboneg 1032 Commonwealth 1033 Gubaan 1034 Inasagan 1035 Inroad 1036 Kahayagan East (Katipunan) 1037 Kahayagan West 1038 Kauswagan 1039 La Paz (Tinibtiban) 1040 La Victoria 1041 Lantungan 1042 Libertad 1043 Lintugop 1044 Lubid 1045 Maguikay 1046 Mahayahay 1047 Monte Alegre 1048 Montela 1049 Napo 1050 Panaghiusa 1051 Poblacion 1052 Resthouse 1053 Romarate 1054 San Jose 1055 San Juan 1056 Sapa Loboc 1057 Tagulalo 1058 Waterfall

DIMATALING (all)

1059 Bacayawan 1060 Baha 1061 Balanagan 1062 Baluno 1063 Binuay 1064 Buburay 1065 Grap 1066 Josefina 1067 Kagawasan 1068 Lalab 1069 Libertad 1070 Magahis 1071 Mahayag 1072 Mercedes 1073 Poblacion 1074 Saloagan 1075 San Roque 1076 Sugbay Uno 1077 Sumbato 1078 Sumpot 1079 Tinggabulong 1080 Tiniguangan 1081 Tipangi 1082 Upper Ludiong

DINAS

1083 Bacawan 1084 Beray 1085 Don Jose 1086 Dongos 1087 Guinicolalay 1088 Ignacio Garrata (New Mirapao) 1089 Kinacap 1090 Legarda 1 1091 Legarda 2 1092 Legarda 3 1093 Lower Dimaya 1094 Ludiong 1095 Nangka 1096 Old Mirapao 1097 Poblacion 1098 Proper Dimaya 1099 Sagacad 1100 San Isidro 1101 Sumpotan 1102 Upper Dimaya 1103 Upper Sibul 1104 West Migpulao

DUMALINAO (all)

1105 Anonang 1106 Baga 1108 Bag-ong Misamis 1109 Bag-ong Silao 1110 Baloboan 1112 Banta-ao 1113 Bibilik 1114 Calingayan 1115 Camalig 1116 Camanga 1117 Cuatro-cuatro 1118 Locuban 1119 Malasik 1120 Mama (San Juan) 1121 Matab-ang 1122 Mecolong 1123 Metokong 1124 Motosawa 1125 Pag-asa (Pob.) 1126 Paglaum (Pob.) 1127 Pantad 1128 Piniglibano 1129 Rebokon 1130 San Agustin 1131 Sibucao 1132 Sumadat 1133 Tikwas 1134 Tina 1135 Tubo-Pait 1136 Upper Dumalinao

KUMALARANG (all)

1137 Bogayo 1138 Bolisong 1139 Boyugan East 1140 Boyugan West 1141 Bualan 1142 Diplo 1143 Gawil 1144 Gusom 1145 Kitaan Dagat 1146 Lantawan 1147 Limamawan 1148 Mahayahay 1149 Pangi 1150 Picanan 1151 Poblacion 1152 Salagmanok 1153 Secade 1154 Suminalum

LABANGAN (all)

1155 Bagalupa 1156 Balimbingan (West Luya) 1157 Binayan 1158 Bokong 1159 Bulanit 1160 Cogonan 1161 Combo 1162 Dalapang 1163 Dimasangca 1164 Dipaya 1165 Langapod 1166 Lantian 1167 Lower Campo Islam (Pob.) 1168 Lower Pulacan 1169 Lower Sang-an 1170 New Labangan 1171 Noboran 1172 Old Labangan 1173 San Isidro 1174 Santa Cruz 1175 Tapodoc 1176 Tawagan Norte 1177 Upper Campo Islam (Pob.) 1178 Upper Pulacan 1179 Upper Sang-an

LAPUYAN (all)

1180 Bulawan 1181 Carpoc 1182 Danganan 1183 Dansal 1184 Dumara 1185 Linokmadalum 1186 Luanan 1187 Lubusan 1188 Mahalingeb 1189 Mandeg 1190 Maralag 1191 Maruing 1192 Molum 1193 Pampang 1194 Pantad 1195 Pingalay 1196 Poblacion 1197 Salambuyan 1198 San Jose 1199 Sayog 1200 Tabon 1201 Talabab 1202 Tiguha 1203 Tininghalang 1204 Tipasan 1205 Tugaya

MARGOSATUBIG (all)

1206 Balintawak 1207 Bularong 1208 Digon 1209 Guinimanan 1210 Igat Island 1211 Josefina 1212 Kalian 1213 Kolot 1214 Limabatong 1215 Limamawan 1216 Lumbog 1217 Magahis 1218 Poblacion 1219 Sagua 1220 Talanusa 1221 Tiguian 1222 Tulapoc

PAGADIAN CITY (all)

1223 Alegria 1224 Balangasan (Pob.) 1225 Balintawak 1226 Baloyboan 1227 Banale 1228 Bogo 1229 Bomba 1230 Buenavista 1231 Bulatok 1232 Bulawan 1233 Dampalan 1234 Danlugan 1235 Dao 1236 Datagan 1237 Deborok 1238 Ditoray 1239 Dumagoc 1240 Gatas (Pob.) 1241 Gubac 1242 Gubang 1243 Kagawasan 1244 Kahayagan 1245 Kalasan 1246 Kawit 1247 La Suerte 1248 Lala 1249 Lapidian 1250 Lenienza 1251 Lizon Valley 1252 Lourdes 1253 Lower Sibatang 1254 Lumad 1255 Lumbia 1256 Macasing 1257 Manga 1258 Muricay 1259 Napolan 1260 Palpalan 1261 Pedulonan 1262 Poloyagan 1263 San Francisco (Pob.) 1264 San Jose (Pob.) 1265 San Pedro (Pob.) 1266 Santa Lucia (Pob.) 1267 Santa Maria 1268 Santiago (Pob.) 1269 Santo Niño 1270 Tawagan Sur 1271 Tiguma 1272 Tuburan (Pob.) 1273 Tulangan 1274 Tulawas 1275 Upper Sibatang 1276 White Beach

SAN PABLO (all)

1277 Bag-ong Misamis 1278 Bubual 1279 Buton 1280 Culasian 1281 Daplayan 1282 Kalilangan 1283 Kapamanok 1284 Kondum 1285 Lumbayao 1286 Mabuhay 1287 Marcos Village 1288 Miasin 1289 Molansong 1290 Pantad 1291 Pao 1292 Payag 1293 Poblacion (San Pablo) 1294 Pongapong 1295 Sacbulan 1296 Sagasan 1297 San Juan 1298 Senior 1299 Songgoy 1300 Tandubuay 1301 Taniapan 1302 Ticala Island 1303 Tubo-pait 1304 Villakapa

TABINA (all)

1305 Abong-abong 1306 Baganian 1307 Baya-baya 1308 Capisan 1309 Concepcion 1310 Culabay 1311 Doña Josefina 1312 Lumbia 1313 Mabuhay 1314 Malim 1315 Manikaan 1316 New Oroquieta 1317 Poblacion 1318 San Francisco 1319 Tultolan

TUKURAN (all)

1320 Alindahaw 1321 Baclay 1322 Balimbingan 1323 Buenasuerte 1324 Camanga 1325 Curvada 1326 Laperian 1327 Libertad 1328 Lower Bayao 1329 Luy-a 1330 Manilan 1331 Manlayag 1332 Militar 1333 Navalan 1334 Panduma Senior 1335 Sambulawan 1336 San Antonio 1337 San Carlos (Pob.) 1338 Santo Niño (Pob.) 1339 Santo Rosario 1340 Sugod 1341 Tabuan 1342 Tagulo 1343 Tinotungan 1344 Upper Bayao

PITOGO (all)

1345 Balabawan 1346 Balong-balong 1347 Colojo 1348 Liasan 1349 Liguac 1350 Limbayan 1351 Lower Paniki-an 1352 Matin-ao 1353 Panubigan 1354 Poblacion (Pitogo) 1355 Punta Flecha 1356 San Isidro 1357 Sugbay Dos 1358 Tongao 1359 Upper Paniki-an

VINCENZO A. SAGUN (all)

1360 Ambulon 1361 Bui-os 1362 Cogon 1363 Danan 1364 Kabatan 1365 Kapatagan 1366 Limason 1367 Linoguayan 1368 Lumbal 1369 Lunib 1370 Maculay 1371 Maraya 1372 Sagucan 1373 Waling-waling

GUIPOS (all)

1374 Bagong Oroquieta 1375 Baguitan 1376 Balongating 1377 Canunan 1378 Dacsol 1379 Dagohoy 1380 Dalapang 1381 Datagan 1382 Guling 1383 Katipunan 1384 Lintum 1385 Litan 1386 Magting 1387 Poblacion (Guipos) 1388 Regla 1389 Sikatuna 1390 Singclot

ZAMBOANGA CITY

1391 Ayala 1392 Baluno 1393 Bolong 1394 Buenavista 1395 Calabasa 1396 Campo Islam 1397 Cawit 1398 Curuan 1399 Dita 1400 Dulian (Upper Bunguiao) 1401 La Paz 1402 Labuan 1403 Latuan (Curuan) 1404 Licomo 1405 Limaong 1406 Limpapa 1407 Maasin 1408 Malagutay 1409 Mangusu 1410 Manicahan 1411 Mariki 1412 Muti 1413 Pamucutan 1414 Panubigan 1415 Patalon 1416 Quiniput 1417 Recodo 1418 Sibulao (Caruan) 1419 Sinubung 1420 Sinunoc 1421 Tagasilay 1422 Taguiti 1423 Talisayan 1424 Talon-talon 1425 Tictapul 1426 Tigbalabag 1427 Tulungatung 1428 Tumitus 1429 Victoria 1430 Vitali

PALAWAN

BROOKE'S POINT (all)

1431 Tubtub 1432 Amas 1433 Aribungos 1434 Barong-barong 1435 Calasaguen 1436 Imulnod 1437 Ipilan 1438 Maasin 1439 Mainit 1440 Malis 1441 Mambalot 1442 Oring-oring 1443 Pangobilian 1444 Poblacion I 1445 Poblacion II 1446 Salogon 1447 Samareñana 1448 Saraza

RIZAL (all)

1449 Bunog 1450 Campong Ulay 1451 Candawaga 1452 Canipaan 1453 Culasian 1454 Iraan 1455 Latud 1456 Panalingaan 1457 Punta Baja 1458 Ransang 1459 Taburi xxx end of list xxx

BANGSAMORO


Bangsamoro is the name of the region governed by the Moro people. The term comes from the Malay word bangsa, meaning nation or people, and the Spanish word moro, from the older Spanish word for Moor, inherited from the Reconquista-period term for Arabs or Muslims in Al-Andalus. It may also refer to the Moro population in the Philippines. These include the Maguindanaoan, the Maranao and Tausug.

Region
Bangsamoro includes the provinces of Basilan, Cotabato, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Palawan, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga Sibugay and the cities of Cotabato, Dapitan, Dipolog, General Santos, Iligan, Marawi, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa and Zamboanga.

Other territories includes North Borneo including Sabah, Labuan and the islands of Sipadan and Ligitan. This area is currently under the Sabah dispute.

History
Bangsamoro was originally the territory of the Muslim sultanates of Mindanao, Sulu, and Maguindanao. These sultanates resisted Spanish, American and other foreign colonization and were not fully integrated with the rest of the islands.

After the Philippine-American War, the Moro Rebellion, and gaining independence in 1946, the region was slowly integrated into the rest of the country. However, conflicts of colonization and political issues in the region led to the foundation of the Moro National Liberation Front, who intended for the area to become the "Moro homeland" separate from the Republic of the Philippines.

An independence movement was suspended in 1996 due to a peace and cease-fire agreement with the Philippine government and its supporters. Currently, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (M.I.L.F.) seeks to establish an independent Islamic state in this region.

In 1990, the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao was established to govern the region for the Moro people. However, only the provinces within the Sulu Archipelago (excluding the city of Isabela) and the provinces of Lanao del Sur and Maguindanao (excluding Cotabato) are currently included.