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Amine Protection - Carboxybenzyl (Cbz)
Carboxybenzyl group (Cbz) is commonly used in organic synthesis as a protecting group for amines.

Most common amine protection methods

 * Benzyl chloroformate and a base, such as sodium carbonate in water at 0°C
 * Benzyl chloroformate and magnesium oxide in ethyl acetate at 70°C to reflux Cbz ref2.png
 * Benzyl chloroformate, DIPEA, acetonitrile and scandium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sc(OTf)3) Cbz proticetion.png

Most common amine deprotection methods

 * Hydrogenation in the presence of the palladium catalyst

Amine Protection - tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)
Tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group is used as a protecting group for amines in organic synthesis.

Most common amine protection methods

 * Heating a mixture of an amine and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 40 °C


 * Sodium hydroxide and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate in water at ambient temperature
 * di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, DMAP, and acetonitrile at ambient temperature Boc protection.png

Most common amine deprotection methods

 * 3M HCl, EtOAc in 30 min at the ambient temperature
 * Aqueous HCl and toluene at 65 °C Boc deprotection.png

Amine Protection - Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)
Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group is used as a protecting group for amines in organic synthesis.

Most common amine protection methods

 * Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride or 9 -fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl azide, sodium bicarbonate and aqueous dioxane

Most common amine deprotection methods

 * Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in the presence of dimethylformamide

Amine Protection - Benzyl (Bz, Bn)
Benzyl (Bz, Bn) group is largely used as a protecting group for amines in organic synthesis.

Most common amine protection methods

 * Aqueous potassium carbonate and benzyl halide (BnX; X=Cl, Br) in methanol


 * Bn protection with bnbr.png
 * Benzaldehyde, 6 M HCl and NaBH3CN in methanol Bn protection with benzaldehyde.png

Most common amine deprotection methods

 * Hydrogenation in the presence of the palladium catalyst

Amine Protection - 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl (Troc)
2,2,2-Trichloroethyl (Troc) group is largely used as a protecting group for amines in organic synthesis.

Most common amine protection methods

 * 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl chloroformate, pyridine or aqueous sodium hydroxide at ambient temperature Troc group protection.png

Most common amine deprotection method

 * ElectrolysisTroelectrolysis.png

Amine Protection - Tosyl (Ts)
Tosyl (Ts) group is commonly used as a protecting group for amines in organic synthesis.

Most common amine protection methods

 * Tosyl chloride and pyridine in dichloromethane

Most common amine deprotection methods

 * HBr and acetic acid at 70 °C Ts deprotect.png
 * Refluxing with TMSCl, sodium iodide and acetonitrile

Category:Functional groups