User:Mr. Ibrahem/Albinism in humans

Albinism is present at birth and characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. It is associated with vision problems including decreased visual acuity, light sensitivity, binocular vision deficits, refractive errors, and nystagmus. People are also more susceptibility to sunburns and skin cancer.

Albinism is due to genetic mutations that result in either a decreased ability to make or distribute melanin. At least 7 different autosomal recessive mutations can result in albinism and the condition is also be present as part of a number of syndromes including Hermansky–Pudlak and Chédiak–Higashi syndrome. Diagnosis is generally made based on an examination and may be supported by genetic testing.

Treatment involves life long sun protection such as the use of protective clothing, sunscreen, dark glasses, and avoiding UV light. Screening for skin cancer is recommended at least yearly, with the understanding that melanomas will be pink not dark. Frequent eye exams are also recommended. About 1 in 20,000 people are affected. Stigma exists in many areas of the world. The term is from the Latin albus meaning "white".