User:Mr. Ibrahem/Anemia in pregnancy

Anemia in pregnancy is a decrease in red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood during pregnancy. Symptoms in the mother are usually non-specific, but can include tiredness, pale skin, palpitations, shortness of breath, and weakness. Complications in the mother may include a need for blood transfusions, post-partum depression, heart problems, and risk of death. Complications for the child may include premature birth and low birth weight.

It most commonly occurs due to iron deficiency and blood loss; though, other types do occur. Routine testing is recommended. Diagnosis is based on a first or third trimester hemoglobin of less than 110 g/L or hematocrit less than 33%; or second trimester hemoglobin of less than 105 g/L or hematocrit less than 32%. Iron tests, such as serum ferritin, may rule out iron deficiency. Types may be further classified based on the mean cell volume.

Efforts to prevent anemia include eating a healthy diet, waiting at least two years between pregnancies, and prenatal supplements. Treatment may include additional iron supplements. In iron deficiency improvements should occur over a few weeks. In folate deficiency folate supplements may be taken. In severe anemia with hemoglobin levels less than 60 g/L, blood transfusions may be recommended.

Anemia in pregnancy is common. Rates vary from 5% in the United States to over 80% in certain developing countries. It is even more common in teenage pregnancy. The World Health Organization states that spending to treat anemia in women provides a twelve fold return on investment.