User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cerebral hypoxia

Cerebral hypoxia is reduced oxygen supply to the brain; despite adequate blood flow. In contrast "anoxia" is the complete lack of oxygen. Symptoms may vary from poor judgement, memory loss, and poor coordination to coma, seizure, and brain death.

Potential causes include cardiac arrest, drowning, strangulation, choking, suffocation, head trauma, carbon monoxide poisoning, severe anemia, drug overdose, low blood pressure, and complications of general anesthesia. Injury to the brain, known as hypoxic brain injury or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), can occur within minutes and be permanent.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but is generally supportive in nature. This may include mechanical ventilation, intravenous fluids, medications to decrease seizures, and medications to support blood pressure. Outcomes depend on the degree of brain damage and may not be clear for 72 hours. Of those in a coma, about 30% regain consciousness, 10% remain in a coma, and 60% die. Of those who regain consciousness, movement disorders and cognitive dysfunction are common.

Hypoxic brain injury affects more than half of people who have a cardiac arrest. When it occurs around the time of birth, known as birth asphyxia, it may result in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. This affects about 1.5 per 1,000 live births in the developing world. In the developing world rates vary from 2 to 27 per 1,000 live births.