User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), also known as cervical dysplasia, is the abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix. While not cancer, there is a risk, that over time, it could turn into cervical cancer. It does not result in symptoms.

It generally occurs due to certain types of human papillomavirus infection (HPV). Though, most HPV infections resolve without causing problems, those that persist are a greater risk. Diagnosis may be suspected by Pap test or colposcopy and is confirmed by tissue biopsy. It is graded on a 1–3 scale, with CIN 1 generally being low-grade (LSIL) and 2 or 3 being a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL).

Cases of CIN 1 do not generally require treatment as they typically resolve on their own. CIN 2 may be managed by either removing the abnormal cells or closely watching to see if it progresses. CIN3 should generally be rapidly removed. The most common method of removal is via cutting it out within a cone-shaped piece; though, laser therapy, cryotherapy, and hysterectomy are other options. Prevention may include not having sex or practicing safe sex, and HPV vaccination.

CIN is newly diagnosed in about 50,000 people in the United States a year. It occurs most commonly around the age of 30. It is estimated that rates will decrease by more than 90% with widespread vaccination against HPV. The condition was first described in 1888; though the fact that they can turn into cancer was only determined in the late 1900s.