User:Mr. Ibrahem/Congenital cytomegalovirus infection

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a newborn baby. Most, about 90%, have no symptoms. Some babies are born small. Other symptoms may include a rash, yellow eyes, large liver, retina inflammation, or seizures. Complications occur in about 20% and may include loss of hearing or vision, developmental disability, or a small head.

It is caused when a mother contracts CMV during pregnancy and passes it to her unborn baby. Both reactivation or reinfection can result in the disease, with first time infections having a greater risk of around 32%. The risk is greatest if the mother is infected in later pregnancy, although the risk of severe disease is greatest if infected in early pregnancy. Most infected pregnant women have no symptoms, while some present with glandular fever-like symptoms. Diagnosis is by tests; on preferably urine, although saliva and blood can be used, in the first 3-weeks after birth. Blood tests may reveal a raised ALT or low platelets.

The chance of infection is reduced by hand washing, and avoiding touching saliva or urine of young children. There may be some benefit from taking valganciclovir for six months in affected babies, though side effects may occur. Ganciclovir is another option. Routine hearing and vision testing is recommended among those affected.

Worldwide the condition is common, and likely underreported. In the Canada, the United States, and Western Europe it is estimated to effect around 1 in 200 babies. Rates are three times higher in low and middle income countries. Death occurs in about 1% of those affected. The condition was first clearly described in the 1960s; though suspected cases have occurred since the 1930s. The economic burden appears greater in low and middle income countries.