User:Mr. Ibrahem/Dissociative disorder

Dissociative disorders (DD) are a group of mental disorders that involve disruption or breakdown of memory, awareness, identity, or perception. Symptoms may include lose of memory (amnesia), different personality states, or feelings of experiences being not real. The symptoms are not under voluntary control and occur to a degree that functioning is disrupted. These conditions often are associated with psychological trauma.

The DSM-5 list the following types:
 * Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterized by the maintenance of at least two distinct and relatively enduring personality states. It is accompanied by memory gaps beyond what would be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. The personality states alternately show in a person's behavior, however presentations of the disorder vary.
 * Dissociative amnesia is the temporary inability to recall specific memories that one should generally be able to recall. Often the memories relate to a stressful event and the inability to remember applies to only certain aspects of what occurred.
 * Depersonalization-derealization disorder (DPDR) is recurrent episodes of feeling like one is observing themselves from outside (depersonalization) or like ones experiences are not real (derealization).
 * The prior category of dissociative disorder not otherwise specified was split into two: other specified dissociative disorder and unspecified dissociative disorder. These categories are used for forms of dissociation that do not fully meet the criteria of the other specified disorders.

Diagnosis involves ruling out other possible causes such as the effects of medication, sleep disorders, PTSD, acute stress disorder, and diseases of the nervous system. The ICD-11 classifies conversion disorder as a dissociative disorder, while the DSM-V classifies it as a somatic symptom and related disorder. DID effects about 1.5% of people, dissociative amnesia about 1.8%, and DPDR about 2%. While dissociative amnesia is more common in females, DID and DPDR occur equally frequently in both sexes.