User:Mr. Ibrahem/Dwarfism

Dwarfism is when an person is exceptionally short. This is sometimes defined as an adult height of less than 4 ft. There are two main types: disproportionate dwarfism with short limbs and proportionate dwarfism with both short limbs and torso. Intelligence is usually normal, as is life expectancy. Other symptoms may depend on the underlying cause.

The most common cause of proportionate dwarfism is having short parents; though it may also occur due to growth hormone deficiency, Turner syndrome, and other genetic conditions. Disproportionate dwarfism is most commonly due to achondroplasia. More than 300 conditions can result in dwarfism. Diagnosis may occur before, at, or some time after birth.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Those with growth hormone deficiency and certain other conditions may be treated with growth hormone therapy. In cases with particularly short legs, surgery to lengthen them may be carried out, though this is generally not recommended. Other measures may include physiotherapy and modification of the persons environment. Women with disproportionate disease who become pregnant generally require cesarean delivery.

Dwarfism affects about 2.5% of people in the United States. Most people prefer the use of their name; though terms such as "little person" (LP), "person of short stature", or "dwarf" may be used. Historically, the term "midget" was used; however, this term is now often regarded as offensive. Those affected may face height discrimination and bullying. Support groups may provide services and resources.