User:Mr. Ibrahem/Esophageal balloon tamponade

Esophageal balloon tamponade refers to the use of balloon tamponade in the esophagus and stomach. This is generally carried out to treat bleeding from esophageal or gastric varices when other measures are not available or not successful.

The most common cause of bleeding from varices is cirrhosis. These devices are generally only used in people who are hemodynamically unstable. Contraindications for placement include recent esophageal surgery or esophageal stricture.

Preparation involves intubation followed by placing the person on their back at 45 degrees. The device is than checked to make sure no leaks are present. It is than placed via the mouth and 50 ml of air are added to the stomach balloon. An X-ray is than done to verify placement and once confirmed more air is added. Traction can than be applied. Bleeding is than checked for, and if present the esophageal balloon may be inflated using a manometer.

After placement, further treatment is required. Complications can include airway obstruction, esophageal rupture, and aspiration pneumonia. The procedure is rarely done. The first device developed was the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in the 1950s. Other versions of the device include the Minnesota tube and the Linton tube.