User:Mr. Ibrahem/Female infertility

Female infertility refers to being unable to become or stay pregnant due to the women. It represents about 37% of cases of infertility, with another 8% due to male infertility, and 35% due to both. In a population trying to get pregnant the probability is 25% after three months and 85% after one year of unprotected sex. Those who have infertility are at higher risk of other health problems including heart disease.

Common causes include not ovulating (25%) due to older age, primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), or thyroid disease; endometriosis (15%); blocked fallopian tubes (11%) such as from sexually transmitted infections or unsafe abortion; high prolactin (7%); menstrual cycle problems; fibroids; obesity; genetic conditions; and autoimmune disorders. Other risk factors include smoking, alcohol, and physical or emotional stress. Diagnosis is based on not being able to get or stay pregnant after one year of trying, or six month in women over the age of 35.

Treatment may include medications, surgery, artificial insemination, or assisted reproductive technologies. Medications used may include clomiphene, letrozole, human menopausal gonadotropin(hMG), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), metformin, and bromocriptine. Assisted reproductive technologies include in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and zygote intrafallopian transfer. IVF also permits pre-implantation genetic testing.

Infertility affects 10 to 17% of couples at some point in time. It occurs most commonly in South Asia, Africa, Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. In women under the age of 35 rates are less than 10%, while in those 35 to 40 rates are 25%, and in those 40 to 44 rates they are 30%. It may have social stigma or result in relationship problems. A women in a relationship may be blamed for infertility regardless of weather or not the reason originates with her. Treatment can be expensive or unavailable in many parts of the world.