User:Mr. Ibrahem/Fournier gangrene

Fournier gangrene (FG) is a type of necrotizing fasciitis affecting the perineum. Initial symptoms are often non specific; though rapidly worsen. This may include scrotum or labia pain and swelling, fever, and redness. The infection spreads at about 2.5 cm per hour. Complications may include sepsis.

Risk factors include diabetes, alcoholism, being immunocompromised, an long term urinary catheters. In diabetes sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) may be a particular risk. Infection is by multiple types of bacteria in more than 80% of cases. Often the infection spreads from the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, or skin. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and may be supported by medical imaging.

Treatment involves antibiotics, surgical removal of infected tissue, and supportive care. Other options may include hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative-pressure wound therapy. The risk of death is high at 20 to 80%, though varies based on other health problems. In those who survive reconstructive surgery is required.

Fournier gangrene affects about one per 62,500 males per year. Older people and males are more commonly affected with males affected 40 times more often than females. It was first described by Baurienne in 1764 and is named after Jean Alfred Fournier, following five cases he presented in 1883.