User:Mr. Ibrahem/Frontal lobe epilepsy

Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is a type of epilepsy often characterized by seizures with significant movement but without loss of consciousness. Movements may include pelvic thrusting or peddling of both legs. Other symptoms may include making sounds, unusual behavior, loss of bladder control, and eyes turned to one side. People may feel the seizures coming on. Following the seizure there may be a period were the person is unable to move part of their body; while, a period of confusion is often lacking.

Causes may include genetics, malformed areas of brain, brain tumors, and injury. They often only occur while the person is sleeping. They arise from the frontal lobe of the brain. Diagnosis may be based on symptoms. In around 66% of cases MRI finds abnormalities, while an EEG often adds little. Positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission CT (SPECT) may also help localize the area affected. Other conditions that may appear similar include psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), and sleep disorders.

Initial treatment may involve anti-epileptic medications, a ketogenic diet, or vagal nerve stimulation. While medications often do not stop seizures, they may prevent generalized seizures from occurring. If this is not effective, surgery to remove the effected part of the frontal lobe may be carried out. Surgery is fully successful in about 30% of people at 5 years.

Epilepsy is relatively common, affecting 0.5-1% of the population, with frontal lobe epilepsy accounts for about 1-2% of this number (1 in 5,000 to 20,000). It is the second most common type of focal epilepsy after temporal lobe epilepsy. Males and females are affected with similar frequency. The first clear description of a frontal lobe seizure dates from 1827 by J. F. Bravais.