User:Mr. Ibrahem/Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is a mild inherited liver condition which does not usually cause any harm. There are generally no symptoms. Occasionally a slight yellowish color of the skin or whites of the eyes may occur, particularly during any other illness. Rarely, there maybe tiredness, weakness, and abdominal pain. It is often not noticed until late childhood to early adulthood.

In Gilbert's syndrome the liver does not properly process bilirubin. It is due to a mutation in the UGT1A1 gene which results in decreased activity of the bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme. It is typically inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and occasionally in an autosomal dominant pattern depending on the type of mutation. Episodes of jaundice may be triggered by stress such as exercise, menstruation, or not eating. Diagnosis is based on higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood without either signs of other liver problems or red blood cell breakdown.

Typically no treatment is needed. If jaundice is significant, phenobarbital may be used. Gilbert's syndrome affects 2 to 7% of people. 5 to 15% of affected people have a family history of jaundice. Males are more often diagnosed than females. The condition was first described in 1901 by Augustin Nicolas Gilbert.