User:Mr. Ibrahem/Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is the non-cancerous enlargement of one or both breasts in men. Some only use the term when enlargement is due to glandular tissue and use the term pseudogynaecomastia when enlargement is the result of excessive fat tissue. Occasionally tenderness may be present. The condition can result in psychological distress.

Gynecomastia can be normal in newborns due to exposure to estrogen from the mother, during puberty, and in older men. These cases do not generally require further investigations. It can also be associated with obesity, liver disease, kidney failure, certain cancers, thyroid disease, certain medications and recreational drugs, Klinefelter syndrome, and malnutrition. The underlying mechanism often involves increased estrogen or decreased androgen levels.

Cases that occur in puberty generally resolve within two years and require only simple reassurance. The condition also commonly resolves if the underlying cause is addressed. Medications such as tamoxifens or clomiphene are effective when used early. In long standing cases surgery, such as liposuction or surgical excision, is the only effective option.

Gynecomastia affects about 35% of men and is most common between the ages of 50 and 69. It is present in up to 90% of newborns and 60% of boys during puberty. It is the most common reason males seek medical care for a breast issue. Description of the condition date from 2nd century by Galen.