User:Mr. Ibrahem/Haemophilia A

Haemophilia A is a bleeding disorder that occurs due to a genetic mutation. Symptoms include easy bruising and bleeding. Complications can include bleeding into joints or the brain. Depending on the severity, the disease may become apparent between the newborn period and adulthood.

It generally occurs due to an inherited mutation, which occurs in an X-linked recessive pattern. About a third of cases occur due to a new mutation. Rarely it may occur later in life due to the production of antibodies against factor VIII. The underlying mechanism involves a lack of factor VIII, a part of the coagulation cascade. Diagnosis may be suspected based on a blood test for aPTT and confirmed by a factor VIII activity level. It is divided into mild, moderate, and severe depending on a person's factor levels.

Treatment is with factor VIII concentrate, with recombinant factor VIII products often recommended. These may be used preventatively or when bleeding occurs. Desmopressin (DDAVP) or aminocaproic acid may also be used. Fresh frozen plasma or cryoprecipitate may be used if factor VIII is not available. In those who develop inhibitors, recombinant factor VIIa or emicizumab are options. Despite availability of treatment life expectancy is reduced by about 30%.

Haemophilia A affects about 1 in 5,000 newborn males. Males are primarily affected; though, a few females may also have the disease. Of X-linked recessive disorders, it is the most common; and is 5 times more common than haemophilia B. Descriptions of inherited bleeding disorders among males date from at least the 100s AD. Medical descriptions occurred in the 1800s, with the separation of haemophilia A and B occurring in 1947.