User:Mr. Ibrahem/Heavy menstrual bleeding

Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), also known as menorrhagia, is a menstrual period that is excessively heavy or lasts more than 7 days. Heavy bleeding is defined as needing to change a pad or tampon more than every two hours or passing clots larger than an American quarter. Complications may include low red blood cells, iron deficiency, and decreased quality of life.

Causes may include structural abnormalities of the reproductive tract such as fibroids or cancer, hormone-related problems such as anovulation or polycystic ovarian syndrome, bleeding disorders, thyroid disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy. Certain types of IUDs may increase bleeding, as can aspirin. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms, with testing to look for the underlying cause or for complications. It is a type of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

Treatment depends on the cause and severity. This may involve birth control pills, tranexamic acid, progesterone IUDs, NSAIDs, or danazol. Improvement occur in 88% with an IUD, 63% with birth control pills, 48% with tranexamic acid, and 18% without treatment at 3 months. Surgery can be an effective in those whose symptoms are not well-controlled with other measures. Other treatments may include iron supplements or desmopressin.

Heavy menstrual bleeding is common, with estimates that it affects about 20% to 33%% of women. It may occur more commonly in young women. The condition has been known by various names including "excessive evacuations of the menses, inordinate flowing, the immoderate flux, an overflowing of the courses, excessive flooding's", with an early description around 400 BCE by Hippocrates.