User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hemoptysis

Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the lungs or airway. Hemoptysis is considered life threatening if abnormal vitals are present and massive if bleeding is more than 100 mL to 600 mL in 24 hours. Large amounts of bleeding can result in a lack of oxygen.

The most common cause in adults is acute bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, asthma, COPD, and cancer. Less common causes include pulmonary embolism, lung abscess, foreign body, heart failure, lupus, Wegener granulomatosis, mitral valve stenosis, and blood clotting problems. Diagnosis generally includes a chest X-ray with a CT scan and bronchoscopy if significant bleeding or other concerns are present. Other conditions that may appear similar include gastrointestinal bleeds, nose bleeds, and Serratia marcescens infection.

Treatment begins with resuscitation if needed. In large volume bleeding the affected side should be placed down. Other treatments may include intubating just the good lung, angiography for embolization, bronchoscopy, and surgery. Hemoptysis makes up about one in every 1,000 patient visits.