User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hydrocele

A hydrocele is a collection of fluid, most commonly around the testicle. It generally presents as painless swelling of the scrotum. Usually only one side is affected. Complications may include infection, bleeding, or infertility. In females a hydrocele may form in the labia majora.

The most common cause in children is a failure of the processus vaginalis to close. In adults the most common causes include filariasis, injury, and following hernia surgery. The underlying mechanism involves fluid collecting within the tunica vaginalis. Diagnosis is usually by examination and ultrasound.

Cases in newborns typically resolve on their own in the first year or two of life. In those who develop symptoms, surgery is the primary treatment. While it can be aspirated, the fluid generally simply recollects. In newborns, outcomes are generally excellent; while in adulthood outcomes depend on the underlying cause.

Hydroceles are common globally, particularly in low and middle income countries. Around 2 to 5% of males may be affected in the first year of life. Males are more commonly affected than females. It is believed that the condition is underreported due to modesty.