User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP) is an genetic disease characterized by episodes of muscle weakness and high potassium. Episodes generally last 15 to 60 min. Mild stiffness may remain between attacks. Complications may include ongoing weakness.

Attacks can be triggered by exercise, potassium rich foods such as potatoes, pregnancy, extremes of temperature, stress, and alcohol. Most cases are due to a mutation of the SCN4A gene which is involved in sodium channel function. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Diagnosis is suspected based on symptoms, after ruling out other possible causes, and may be supported by genetic testing.

Management involves avoiding triggers. Attacks may be treated by eating carbohydrate rich foods, salbutamol, or calcium gluconate. Other preventative efforts may include thiazide diuretics or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Those affected should also avoid depolarizing agents. Long term outcomes are often poor.

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis affects about 1 in 200,000 people. Onset is usually in early childhood, with attacks potentially continuing into mid or late adulthood. Males and females are affected equally frequently. The condition was first described in 1951 by Tyler. Horses may also be affected with a similar disease known as hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (equine).