User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hypertensive urgency

Hypertensive urgency is very high blood pressure, generally above 180 mmHg systolic or 110 mmHg diastolic, with no signs of organ damage. The diagnosis may apply despite a person having a headache, nosebleed, or leg swelling. It contrasts with hypertensive emergency where high blood pressure is accompanied by organ damage such as hypertensive encephalopathy, myocardial infarction, dissecting aortic aneurysm, kidney failure, or heart failure.

Most cases occur in people with known high blood pressure; often when they are not taking medication for the condition. Other causes may include the use of stimulants, high thyroid, pain, and anxiety. Other conditions that may appear similar include calcified arteries and improper measuring technique. Diagnosis may be based on symptoms and examination; with no further testing required. It requires ruling out a hypertensive emergency.

Treating anxiety, such as with benzodiazepines, may lower blood pressure. If this is not sufficient often blood pressure medication by mouth with close outpatient follow up is recommended. Blood pressure should be reduced gradually, not rapidly. Other recommended measures include a low salt diet, no alcohol, stopping smoking, and weight loss. Without treatment, it is associated with a long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and death.

Hypertensive urgency is relatively common, occurring in nearly 5% of family doctor visits and 3% of emergency department visits. Some view the term "hypertensive urgency" as inappropriate and suggest it be abandoned. It generally does not need management in an emergency department or hospital.