User:Mr. Ibrahem/Hypovolemic shock

Hypovolemic shock is a type of circulatory shock due to insufficient blood or fluid inside blood vessels. This is to a degree that there is insufficient blood flow to body tissues. Initially symptoms generally include weakness, a narrowed pulse pressure and a fast heart rate. As the condition worsens a low blood pressure, confusion, or agitation may occur. Complications may include electrolyte abnormalities, kidney failure, and multi-system organ failure.

Hypovolemic shock can occur due to fluid loss or blood loss, the later being known as hemorrhagic shock. Fluid loss can occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, excessive urine production, hot weather, or pancreatitis. Blood loss can occur due to trauma, gastrointestinal bleeding, or ectopic pregnancy. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and the history of events.

Treatment depends on the type of fluid lost. For those who have lost blood, stopping the bleeding, blood products, tranexamic acid, and surgery are generally recommended. For those who have lost other fluids, intravenous fluids in the form of crystalloid solution is generally used. The underlying cause should also be addressed. How frequently hypovolemic shock occurs is unclear. It is the most common type of shock following injury and in children.