User:Mr. Ibrahem/Infectious tenosynovitis

Infectious tenosynovitis is a bacterial infection within a tendon sheath. Typical symptoms, when a flexor tendon of a finger is affected, include tenderness of the area, a slightly flexed finger, pain with straightening, and swelling of the entire finger. Fever is present in about 20% of cases. Other relatively commonly affected areas include the wrist and foot.

Infections may occur following an injury, such as a cut or bite, or spread from elsewhere in the body. Risks include diabetes and intravenous drug use. The bacteria involved is most commonly Staphylococcus aureus; with other potentially including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella multocida, and gonococcus. Diagnosis is generally based on examination. Medical imaging may support the diagnosis and rule out other complications.

Infection of the flexor tendons of the hand require rapid treatment. Mild cases may be managed with intravenous antibiotics and splinting; while more severe cases also require surgery. Occasionally amputation is required. About 10% to 25% of people have some permanent loss of range of movement. Other complications may include tendon rupture and trigger finger.

Infectious tenosynovitis is rare, occuring in about 2.5% o 9.5% of hand infections. The classic presentation of the condition was first described in 1912 by Allen Kanavel. He also put forwards the importance of surgical drainage as a key part of management.