User:Mr. Ibrahem/Jugular vein thrombosis

Jugular vein thrombosis is when a blood clot develops within the internal jugular vein (IJV). While many have few or no symptoms, others develop swelling, tenderness, and redness of the neck. A hard area along the vein may also be felt. If infection occurs other symptoms may include fever and headache. Complications may include pulmonary embolism.

The most common causes are cancer and a central venous catheter. Other risk factors include factor V Leiden, injury to the neck, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), and intravenous drug use. Cases that occur as a result of infection are known as Lemierre syndrome. Diagnosis may be suspected based on the D-dimer and confirmed by ultrasound or CT scan.

Treatment in those with a low risk of bleeding is generally with anticoagulation for 4 to 12 weeks. Medications used may include heparin and warfarin or a factor Xa inhibitor. If possible the central venous catheter should be removed. No specific treatment may be an option in those without symptoms. Thrombolysis or surgery is rarely recommended.

Jugular vein thrombosis affected 7.5% people with both a central venous catheter and cancer. The risk of death in those affected is about 44% and is greater in those with other health problems. Infected cases of jugular vein thrombosis were first described in 1936.