User:Mr. Ibrahem/Korsakoff syndrome

Korsakoff syndrome (KS) is a disorder characterized by memory loss, tremor, disorientation, decreased inhibition, and vision problems. This may result in the classic presentation of confabulation, were memory gaps are replaced with untrue information. It is generally a long term, often permanent disorder.

It occurs due to deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), often due to alcoholism, though other causes may also result in the condition. The underlying mechanism involves damage to cells in the brain and spinal cord. It is part of a spectrum of disease known as Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, together with Wernicke encephalopathy. Diagnosis is based on symptoms after ruling out other causes.

Treatment is initially with thiamine. Electrolytes may also require replacement. Long term measures may include memory rehabilitation and institutionalization. Korsakoff syndrome occurs in about 80% of people with Wernicke encephalopathy that goes untreated. Less than 2% of people are affected. It is named after Sergei Korsakoff, a Russian neuropsychiatrist who described it in the late 19th century.