User:Mr. Ibrahem/Learning disability

Learning disabilities (LDs), also known as learning disorders, are a group of conditions that affect the ability to acquire, organize, retain, comprehend, or use verbal or nonverbal information. Intelligence is generally otherwise normal. Onset is during childhood with difficulties in school. Reading disability (dyslexia) makes up about 80% of cases with other types including math disability (dyscalculia), writing disability (dysgraphia), and nonverbal learning disability.

The cause is believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include family history, poverty, prematurity, and nicotine or alcohol exposure during early development. The underlying mechanism is believed to be neurological in nature. Diagnosis requires ruling out other potential causes such as being disadvantaged, intellectual disability, hearing impairment, traumatic brain injury, or ADHD. LDs; however, are often associated with ADHD, autism, depression, or oppositional defiant disorder.

Management generally involves a combination of teachers, psychologists, and physicians among others. Speech therapy may help with reading disability. Physical therapy may help with difficulty writing. Associated disorders may also require treatment. About 5 to 15% of school aged children are affected globally. About 4% of adults remain affected. Males are affected more often than females. Long term consequences may include unemployment.