User:Mr. Ibrahem/Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease

Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) is a disorder in children were the head of the femur dies due to a lack of blood flow (avascular necrosis). The most common symptom is a gradual onset of a limp. Ability to move the leg may be deceased. Pain is variably present and may occur in the hip, knee, or bum. Both side are affected in up to 15% of cases. Complications may include osteoarthritis.

The cause is unknown but it is believed to involved multiple factors. Proposed risk factors include genetics, hyperactivity, blood clotting problems, exposure to cigarette smoke, and extreme motion at the hip. Diagnosis is by X-rays after ruling out other causes of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

There is no cure. Treatments may include NSAIDs, decreasing physical activity, and physical therapy. If these measures are insufficient surgery may be recommended. Outcomes are usually good.

The condition affects 1 in 1,200 people (1 to 21 per 100,000 people per year). Those between the ages of 4 and 8 years are most commonly affected, but it can start at 18 months until growth stops. Males are more commonly affected. The first detailed description was in 1910 by Arthur Legg, Jacques Calvé, and Georg Perthes.