User:Mr. Ibrahem/Mitral valve prolapse

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a valvular heart disease in which mitral valve leaflets enter into the left atrium when the ventricle contracts. Symptoms vary from none, to chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and anxiety. Complications may include mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation, infective endocarditis, stroke, and cardiac arrest.

The cause is unknown. The underlying mechanism may involve myxomatous degeneration of the valve or as the result of other health problems such as Ehler-Danlos Syndrome, Marfan syndrome, and Graves' disease. It is also associated with pectus excavatum, scoliosis, and family history of the condition. Diagnosis is generally suspected based on hearing a mid-systolic click followed by a heart murmur and confirmed by ultrasound of the heart. There are two types: classic with leaflet thickening; and non-classic without leaflet thickening.

Most people require no treatment and have no significant problems during long term follow up. In those with symptoms and severe mitral regurgitation, mitral valve repair or replacement may be an option. In those without symptoms recommendations for surgery are based on ejection fraction less than 60%, left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) more than 4 or 4.5 cm, pulmonary artery pressure greater than 50 mmHg, or the presence of atrial fibrillation.

Mitral valve prolapse affects about 2–3% of the population. In 1966 the condition was described by John Brereton Barlow with its current name provided by J. Michael Criley. The mid-systolic click followed by systolic murmur had been noticed early in 1887 by M. Cuffer and M. Barbillon.