User:Mr. Ibrahem/Mitral valve stenosis

Mitral stenosis is a type of valvular heart disease in which there is narrowing of the mitral valve opening. Onset is generally gradual. The most common symptom is shortness of breath, particularly at night or when lying down. Other symptoms may include palpitations, tiredness, chest pain, coughing up blood, and swelling. Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure.

The most common cause is rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Other causes include calcification of the mitral valve leaflets, congenital heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, lupus, and Fabry disease. Normally, the mitral valve opening is about 5 cm2. A decrease in area below 2 cm2 hinders blood flow through the valve. Diagnosis may be suspected based on a diastolic murmur and confirmed by ultrasound of the heart.

Prevention involves treating those with strep throat with antibiotics. Treatment of mitral valve stenosis may involve medications, percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, or mitral valve replacement. Medications used may include furosemide, beta-blockers, or calcium channel blockers. With the availability of surgery outcomes are good.

Mitral stenosis is relatively common. Cases due to RHD are more common in women than men and generally starts in peoples 30s to 40s. Descriptions of the condition during autopsy date from at least 1668 by John Mayow. The condition was first described in the living in 1806 by Jean-Nicolas Corvisart.