User:Mr. Ibrahem/Nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is blockage of the tear duct. Symptoms include excess overflow of tears. Skin redness around the eye or eyelash crusting may occur. Onset is generally in between 3 and 12 weeks of life. Complications may include dacryocystitis and preseptal cellulitis.

People at greater risk include those with trisomy 21, branchiooculofacial syndrome, and CHARGE syndrome. Other risk factors include prior facial fracture, sinus surgery, and sarcoidosis. Diagnosis is generally based on symptoms and examination. A fluorescein disappearance test may be supportive.

Most cases resolve within the first year of life with massage carried out two to three times per day. Antibiotics ointments may also be used. For cases that last beyond 8 or 10 months probing or surgery may be an option. For cases that develop later in life, addressing the underlying cause may be required.

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is present in up to 20% of newborns. Males and females are affected equally. Surgical treatments of the condition were first described in 1893 and 1904.