User:Mr. Ibrahem/Nosebleed

A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is bleeding from the nose. Blood can also flow down into the stomach and cause nausea and vomiting. In more severe cases blood may come out of both nostrils. Rarely bleeding may be so significant low blood pressure occurs. Rarely the blood can come up the nasolacrimal duct and out from the eye.

Risk factors include trauma including putting the finger in the nose, blood thinners, high blood pressure, alcoholism, seasonal allergies, dry weather, and inhaled corticosteroids. There are two types: anterior, which is more common; and posterior, which is less common but more serious. Anterior nosebleeds generally occur from Kiesselbach's plexus while posterior bleeds generally occur from the sphenopalatine artery. The diagnosis is by direct observation.

Prevention may include the use of petroleum jelly in the nose. Initially treatment is generally by applying pressure for at least five minutes over the front half of the nose. If this is not sufficient nasal packing may be used. Tranexamic acid may also be helpful. If bleeding episodes continue endoscopy is recommended.

About 60% of people have a nosebleed at some point in their life. About 10% of nosebleeds are serious. Nosebleeds are rarely fatal, accounting for only 4 of the 2.4 million deaths in the U.S. in 1999. Nosebleeds most commonly affect those younger than 10 and older than 50.