User:Mr. Ibrahem/Oppositional defiant disorder

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a childhood disorder that involves problems with control of emotions and behavior. It presents with a long term pattern of an irritable mood, defiant behavior, and vindictiveness towards others. Complications may include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, conduct disorder, and substance misuse.

The underlying cause is believed to involve genetic, environmental, and social factors. It is believed that about half the risk for the condition is genetic. Other risk factors include child abuse, poverty, and poor peer group. Diagnosis is based on a discussion with the people who interact with the child. A number of assessment tools may help in making the diagnosis. ODD differs from conduct disorder in that the symptoms are less severe.

Management may include parent training, school support, and cognitive behavioral therapy. If this is not sufficiently effective antipsychotics may be used. Associated condition may also require treatment. Oppositional defiant disorder is estimated to affect 2 to 11% of people. Males are more commonly affected than females. Onset is usually around the start of school and it becomes less common with age.