User:Mr. Ibrahem/Orbital cellulitis

Orbital cellulitis (OC) is inflammation, generally infectious in nature, of tissues within the eye socket. Symptoms may include pain particularly with eye movement, double vision, vision loss, eyelid redness and swelling, fever, and bulging of the affected eye. Complications may include cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and sepsis.

It most commonly occurs due to spread of infection from the sinuses; though may occasionally occur after local injury to the skin, orbital fracture, from the teeth, or via the blood. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and supported by medical imaging (CT scan or MRI. Periorbital cellulitis, which is infection anterior to the orbital septum, may appear similar.

Treatment is with intravenous antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, or cefotaxime. If injury to the skin has occurred and MRSA is common vancomycin may also be used. While surgery is generally not required, it may be if certain complications occur. Outcomes are generally good; though vision loss occurs in less than 10%.

Orbital cellulitis is uncommon. Children are more commonly affected (16 per million a year) than adults (1 per million a year). Males may be slightly more frequently affected than females. It occurs more often in winter.