User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pericardiocentesis

Pericardiocentesis (PCC), also called pericardial tap, is a procedure where fluid is removed from the envelope around the heart (pericardial sac). Emergently it is most commonly carried out for pericardial tamponade resulting in low blood pressure. Tamponade typically results from a stab wound to the chest rather than blunt trauma. The procedure may also be done less urgently when a moderate effusion results in symptoms.

To preform the procedure sterilize and freeze the area. The needle is often inserted below the lower part of the sternum, through may be inserted through the front of the chest. A 20g spinal needle with a 10 ml syringe or the needle from a central line kit may be used. The path can be guided with an ultrasound. The Seldinger technique can be used to leave a pigtail drain in place.

Complications can include injury to the heart, arrhythmia, pneumothorax, and injury to the liver. Placing a nasogastric tube to decompress the stomach before the procedure may lower the risk of stomach injury. Signs of success include improved blood pressure and this generally occurs rapidly. After the procedure the person may be brought to the operating room for further procedures such as a pericardial window or thoracotomy. The procedure was first described in 1911 by Marfan.