User:Mr. Ibrahem/Perilunate dislocation

A perilunate disclocation (PLD) is a type of wrist dislocation where the lunate remains in its normal position. Symptoms include wrist pain, swelling, and decreased movement. It is variable whether or not the wrist appears abnormal. It may be associated with a scaphoid fracture. Complications may include compartment syndrome, injury to the median nerve, or compromise to the blood flow.

The underlying cause generally involves significant trauma, with bending back of the wrist. This may include a fall, motor vehicle collision, or sports injury. Diagnosis is usually by X-rays. Types include trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation (60%); perilunate; trans-radial styloid; and trans-scaphoid trans-capitate perilunar.

Management generally involves surgery to achieve joint reduction and fix the ligaments. Though, reduction followed by splinting may be carried out before definitive surgery. In those who are treated rapidly, outcomes are generally reasonable; though, osteoarthritis is common and disability may occur. Outcomes are poor if the diagnosis is missed.

A perilunate disclocation is uncommon, making up less than 10% of wrist injuries. When it occurs, young adults are most commonly affected. It was first described in 1855 by Joseph-François Malgaigne.