User:Mr. Ibrahem/Peyronie's disease

Peyronie's disease is a disorder in which scar tissue forms under the skin of the penis. Symptoms may include a hard lump on one side of the penis, an abnormal curvature, painful erections, or difficulty with sex. Complications may include erectile dysfunction and depression.

The cause is not clearly known. Risk factors include minor injuries to the penis, connective tissue disorders, autoimmune disorders, family history, diabetes, smoking, and prostate cancer. It is unrelated to sexually transmitted infections and is not cancerous. The underlying mechanism involves inflammation and fibrosis of an area the tunica albuginea. Diagnosis is based on examination.

The requirement for treatment depends on the presence of symptoms. Treatments may vary from reassurance, to injections of collagenase or verapamil, to surgery. A number of different operations may be performed including grafting, plication, and penile implants. Most cases; however, are mild and can be managed conservatively.

Peyronie's disease is estimated to affect about 10% of men. The condition most commonly affects those over the age of 60. The condition is named after François Gigot de la Peyronie who described it in 1743, though previous descriptions date from 1561.