User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumoperitoneum is the presence of air or other gas in the peritoneal cavity. Symptoms may vary from none to peritonitis. Other symptoms may include abdominal swelling or shortness of breath. Complications may rarely include abdominal compartment syndrome.

The most common cause (>90%) is a hole in the gastrointestinal tract. This may occur due to a peptic ulcer, bowel obstruction, appendicitis, or abdominal trauma. Other causes may include following abdominal surgery, including laparoscopic surgery; peritoneal dialysis, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, mechanical ventilation, and entry via the vagina. Rarely cases may occur due to an unknown cause. Diagnosis is generally via X-ray or CT scan.

Treatment depends on the source of the air. In most cases surgery is required; though certain cases may be managed conservatively. Conservative management may include bowel rest, intravenous antibiotics, and closely watching for worsening. Cases were detected via X-ray as early as 1915.